chapters 3 and 4

Question 1

what are the sites of injury

Answer 1

back pain, neck pain, and upper back pain

Question 2

causes of back pain

Answer 2

reaching out with one or both hands, twisting the trunk , lifting objects, moving the patient, writing electronic reports.

Question 3

causes of upper backand neck pain

Answer 3

poor and awkward posure, or static posture

Question 4

prevention for back and neck pain

Answer 4

maintain correct posure. taking short breaks,

Question 5

signs and symptoms of musculoskeletal injury can be all of the following

Answer 5

decrease range, decrease grip strength, and burning sensation

Question 6

the most affected body region which gets musculosketal injury in sonographers is..

Answer 6

the shoulder

Question 7

a sonographer shoukd keep the angle between and the upper limb from

Answer 7

20 to 30 degree

Question 8

osteoarthritis is one of the musculosketal which

Answer 8

is a degenerated disease

Question 9

planter fascilites is a disease which can be prevented by

Answer 9

wearing supportive shoes

Question 10

how shoukd ice packs be prepared

Answer 10

adding 1/3 of alcohol and 2/3 of water the

Question 11

when you apply icing to a trauma you should apply the ice pack for __ minutes and rest for __ minutes

Answer 11

apply 15-20 mins and rest for 40 minutes

Question 12

how long should you wait to apply hot packs to an injury

Answer 12

after 24 hours of on set of the pain

Question 13

the best way to prevent work related injury is by using what rule

Answer 13

the 20-20-20 rule

Question 14

what is the 20-20-20 rule

Answer 14

For every 20 min scanning, look 20 feet away for 20 sec.

Question 15

the thoracic outlet syndrome is

Answer 15

a narrow passage crowded with nerves, blood vessels, and muscles.

Question 16

what are the causes for thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 16

congential, poor posure, trauma, or repetitive action

Question 17

the diagonsis in the thoracic outlet syndrome is between two major types what are they

Answer 17

Neurogenic and vascular

Question 18

neurogenic

Answer 18

is due to compression of the brachial plexus the main nerve plexus which gives nerve supply to the upper limb

Question 19

vascular

Answer 19

subclavian artery is compressed

Question 20

what is Bursitis

Answer 20

Bursitis is the inflammation of the bursae. Movement of a tendon or muscle on the inflamed bursae aggravate the inflammation.

Question 21

what is Tendonitis

Answer 21

Is inflammation of a muscle tendon.

Question 22

what is Tenosynovitis

Answer 22

Tenosynovitis is the inflammation of the fluid-filled sheath that surrounds a tendon, typically leading to joint pain, swelling, and stiffness.

Question 23

what is De Quervain disease

Answer 23

is a painful wrist condition that affects the tendons on the thumb side of the wrist

Question 24

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 24

The most common nerve entrapment syndrome, it entraps the nine tendons and the median nerve.

Question 25

Carpal Tunnel syndrome

Answer 25

The most common nerve entrapment syndrome, it entraps the nine tendons and the median nerve.

Question 26

Epicondylitis

Answer 26

Is caused by strain on the muscles of the forearm and their tendons which are attached to the epicondyles.

Question 27

Lateral epicondyles are also known as

Answer 27

“tennis elbow”.

Question 28

Medial epicondylitis is known as

Answer 28

“golfers elbow”

Question 29

what is another word for Osteoarthritis

Answer 29

'wear and tear"

Question 30

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

Answer 30

is a narrow space that lies on the inside of the ankle next to ankle bones. Within the tunnel lies the posterior tibial nerve.

Question 31

what are Upper extremities

Answer 31

Shoulder•Rotator cuff•Biceps•Elbow•Wrist•Fingers

Question 32

Lower extremities

Answer 32

Leg•Knee•Ankle•foot

Question 33

Eustress

Answer 33

positive stress

Question 34

Hyperstress

Answer 34

negative stress

Question 35

Hypostress

Answer 35

is not stress at all