Chapters 3 And 7 Flashcards
(90 cards)
Who proposed the concept of spontaneous generation?
Aristotle (384-322 BCE)
Living things can come from nonliving things. This concept is known as spontaneous generation < false!!
What did Jean Baptist Van Helmont believe mice came from?
Dirty rags/ rotting grains
mice come from dirty rags/ rotting grains
Who was the first to describe cells based upon his microscopic observations of cork?
Robert Hooke
What theory did Robert Hooke contribute to?
Cell theory
What are Monosaccharides?
3- to 7-carbon sugars. Examples : Glucose, fructose. Sugars involved in metabolic reactions; building block of disaccharides and polysaccharides
Monosaccharides are single sugar units.
What are Disaccharides?
Two monosaccharides. Example :Maltose(maltsugar), Lactose (milk sugar), Sucrose (table sugar). Composed of two glucoses; an important breakdown product of starch
Disaccharides are composed of two sugar units.
What are Polysaccharides?
Chains of monosaccharides.
Examples : Starch, cellulose, glycogen.
Major component of cell membranes and storage
Polysaccharides are long chains of sugar units.
What are 3 main types of Lipids?
Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Sterols
Lipids are a diverse group of molecules including fats and oils.
An example would be triacylglycerol
What is a primary protein structure?
A sequence of a chain of amino acids
What is a secondary protein structure?
folding of the polypeptide chain into (alpha) helices or (beta) sheets
What is a tertiary protein structure?
A three-dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions
What is a quaternary protein structure.
protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain
How do we read a sequence of amino acids?
From the N terminus to the C terminus
What is the Meat Maggot Experiment?
Observation: There are flies in a butcher shop
Question: Does rotting meat turn into or produce the flies?
Hypothesis: Rotten meat does not turn into flies. Only flies can make more flies.
Prediction: If meat cannot turn into flies, rotting meat in a sealed (fly-proof) container should not produce flies or maggots.
Test:
Control jars - Flies enter jars. Later, maggots, then more flies seen on meat.
Gauze-covered jars - No maggots or flies were ever seen on the meat even though flies were on gauze.
open container
cork-sealed container
gauze-covered container
Sealed jars - No maggots or flies were ever seen on the meat.
Conclusion(s): Maggots arose only where flies were able to lay eggs directly on the meat. Thus, only flies can make more flies. This experiment disproved the idea of spontaneous generation for larger organisms only.
Who did the Meat Maggot experiment?
Francesco Redi
What are Robert Koch’s 4 postulates?
- The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms.
- The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.
- The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.
- The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original
What French scientist used a swan-neck feature of the flasks where it allowed air to enter the flask but prevented the entry of bacterial spores?
Louis Pasteur
What are cytosine and thymine
A. Purines
B. Pyrimidines
C. Both
D. Neither
B. Pyrimidines
What 2 are considered purines?
A. Adenine and cytosine
B. Guanine and thymine
C. Cytosine and adenine
D. Adenine and guanine
D. Adenine and guanine
True or false :
DNA is a double stranded molecule while RNA is single stranded
True
What number structure of a protein may be an alpha-helix or a beta-pleated sheet or both?
Secondary structure of a protein
What are the 3 levels of 3-D protein folding?
Primary, secondary, and tertiary
What color are gram-negative bacteria in a gram stain?
Pink
What color are gram-positive bacteria after gram staining?
Purple
