Chapters 4,5,& 6 Flashcards
molecular formula
composition
how atoms are connected; bonding patterns
constitution
the three-dimensional positions of atoms
configuration
positions of groups with respect to bond rotations and other “easy” processes
conformation
molecule that is not identical to its mirror image and have no plane of symmetry; four different groups attached to tetrahedral carbon atom
chiral
molecule that is superimposable on its mirror image and has a plane of symmetry
achiral
mirror images that are not superimposable
enantiomers
carbon bonded to 4 different groups
chiral carbon
an internal reflection plane
plane of symmetry
a point through which all atoms are projected
inversion center
- Prioritize groups by atomic number (higher # = higher priority)
- Point lowest priority group away from you to generate a half newman projection
- Examine direction of rotation (Clockwise = R ; Counterclockwise = S)
Cahn Ingold Prelog R,S Notation
cis and trans isomers are related as
diastereomers
not mirror images and not superimposable
diastereomers
compound with at least 2 chirality centers but exhibits overall plane of symmetry
meso compound
what is the equation that determines the number of stereoisomers associated with a particular constitution?
2^n; where “n” is the number of chirality centers
separation via the differential interaction of enantiomers with a chiral nonracemic substance
resolution
what types of molecules are considered functional groups?
alkenes, alkynes, and six membered rings consisting of sp^2 hybridized carbons in arenes
R-OH
Alcohol
R-Cl (or any other halogen)
Alkyl halide
R-NH2
amine
ROR
Ether
Epoxide
Nitrile
RSR
Sulfide
