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General Biology II > Chapters 48 and 49 > Flashcards

Chapters 48 and 49 Flashcards

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1
Q

Flow of information

A

dendrite -> cell body -> axon

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2
Q

Dendrite

A

collects electrical signals

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3
Q

Cell Body

A

integrates signals and generates an outgoing signal

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4
Q

Axon

A

passes signals to dendrites of another cell/effector cell

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5
Q

Signals

A

action potentials (AP)

  • goes on in every neuron
  • once started, cant be stopped
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6
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

chemical and electrical driving forces = potential energy
-create a voltage across the membrane
Vm= -70 mV

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7
Q

Chemical driving force for K+

A

larger

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8
Q

Na+ gradient

A

Na+ wants to move more

-2 gradients, the bigger gradient wins

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9
Q

Voltage

A

= current x resistance

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10
Q

Depolarization event in neuron

A
  1. Na depolarizes
  2. Ca releases the NT
  3. K repolarizes
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11
Q

Na channels

A

depolarize

-detect the threshold

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12
Q

K channels

A

repolarize

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13
Q

Synapse

A
  • presynaptic membrane (neuron)
  • presynaptic cleft
  • postsynaptic membrane (effector cell)
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14
Q

Order of events

A
  1. Stimulus
  2. Graded potential: stimulus to the axon hillock
  3. Action potential
  4. Release of NT @ terminus
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15
Q

Ion Channels

A

-ligand gated on soma
-voltage gated on axon
Na+ or K+ or Ca+ selective

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16
Q

Action potential events

A
  1. Vg Na open (Na enters)
    -depolarization
  2. Vg Na close
    Vg K open (K exits)
    -repolarization
  3. Vg K stay open
    -hyperpolarization
  4. Vg K close, Na and K leak out
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17
Q

Quanta

A

unit that NT are released in

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18
Q

All or nothing

A

AP’s

get the hillock to -55mV

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19
Q

Summation

A

sum of graded potentials to create an AP

  • spatial
  • temporal
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20
Q

Temporal summation

A

increased frequency, get further

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21
Q

Events at synapse

A
  • Excitatory

- Inhibitory

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22
Q

Excitatory

Study These Flashcards
A

depolarize, open Na+ channel

23
Q

Inhibitory

Study These Flashcards
A

hyper polarize, K or Cl channel

24
Q

Long Term Potentiation at synapse

Study These Flashcards
A

(LTP)

  • AMPA receptor into membrane because of 2nd action potential
  • more than one axon in a circuit, represents some memory
25
Forebrain
cerebrum thalamus hypothalamus
26
Hindbrain
pons medulla oblongata cerebellum
27
Pituitary gland
part neural and part glandular tissue
28
Meningies
hold brain and CSF - fluid makes brain lighter - w/o CSF the brain would crush itself
29
Gray matter
-neuron cell bodies -short axon -no myelin CNS: nuclei PNS: ganglia
30
White matter
-bundles of axons -myelination CNS: tracts PNS: nerves
31
Cerebrum
- about 80% of the brain | - 3 layers
32
3 Layers of the Cerebrum
1. outter grey 2. middle white 3. deep nuclei (grey)
33
Outer grey
sea of consciousness
34
Middle white
tracts
35
Deep nuclei
basal nuclei - motor control - consciousness
36
Gyri and sulci
ridges and valleys | -correlates to intelligence
37
Diencephalon
- epithalamus - thalamus - hypothalamus - pit gland
38
Epithalamus
pineal gland= melatonin
39
Thalamus
- junction box | - connect cerebrum to lower brain and spinal cord
40
Hypothalamus
- autonomic control center - thirst, body temp, endocrine, behavioral, anger, sex drive - limbic system
41
Limbic system
stress mediated thru hypothalamus | -anger, sex drive
42
Pituitary gland
endocrine control
43
Midbrain
tracts connect to cerebellum | -cranial nerves
44
Pons
tracts: - cerebrum - cerebellum - cardiovascular center - respiratory center
45
Medulla Oblongata
- decussation - heart rate - ventilation - reflexes: cough, sneeze, emesis, hiccups
46
Decussation
90% of the spinal tracts switch to the other side of the body
47
Cerebellum
coordination of motor control of skeletal muscle
48
Reticular formation
sleeping and waking
49
Lobes of the cerebrum
1. insula 2. frontal 3. temporal 4. parietal 5. occipital
50
Insula
equilibrium
51
Frontal
- decision making | - skeletal muscles
52
Temporal
- hearing | - comprehending language
53
Parietal
sensory
54
Occipital
visual

General Biology II (10 decks)

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