Chapters 5-6 Flashcards
(30 cards)
An electrostatic attraction that forms between atoms when they share or transfer valence electrons
Chemical bonds
How the stability of compounds compares to the stability of the atoms that form them
Compounds are more stable
When atoms are most stable according to the octet rule
When the atom is surrounded by 8 valence electrons
The form in which most of the oxygen in Earths atmosphere is found
Molecular oxygen (O2)
How most elements are found in nature
In a combined form
Ways the octet rule can be satisfied
Sharing valence electrons with other atoms through covalent bonds
What the octet rule determines
How many electrons an atom typically wants to have in its outermost shell when forming chemical bonds
Exceptions to the octet rule
Hydrogen and Helium
Why the properties of water are different from the properties of hydrogen and oxygen?
The arrangements of atoms create a polar molecule
The kind of bond in which atoms share electrons
Covalent bond
The type of bond between two nonmetals with similar electronegativity
Covalent bonds
The basic unit formed by covalent and ionic bonds
Covalent = Molecule and Ionic = Formula unit
The basic description of a metallic bond
Attraction between metal atoms and the sea of shared electrons
The smallest ratio of ions within an ionic compound
Formula unit
How the electronegativities of the two atoms in an ionic bond compares to each other
Slightly different electronegativity
A diagram that models covalent bonds
Lewis structures
A molecule made of exactly two atoms
Diatomic molecule
The number of covalent bonds that can exist between two atoms
3
The reason diatomic nitrogen forms triple bonds
Each nitrogen atom has 5 valence electrons
The relative strengths of single and double bonds
A double bond is stronger than a single bond between the same two atoms
Why polar bonds form
When two atoms in a covalent bond have significantly different electronegativities
An unequal distribution of electric charge
Polarity
What we mean when we say a molecule is polar
One side of the molecule has a slightly positive charge and the other side has a slightly negative charge
What determines many of the properties of the water molecule
It’s polarity
