Chapters 5-8

Question 0

Where was German settlement heavy in the colonies?

Answer 0

Pennsylvania.

Question 1

What is triangular trade?

Answer 1

Rum from the US is taken to Africa, where it is traded for captured slaves. The slaves are taken to the West Indies and the survivors are traded for molasses, which is brought back to New England.

Question 2

Compared to 17th century America, 18th century America’s society showed

Answer 2

Greater gaps in wealth and status between rich and poor

Question 3

Name of French pelt hunters

Answer 3

Coureurs de bois, or “runners of the woods”

Question 4

What is an established religion?

Answer 4

When the church is supported by government taxes. Examples:

Congregationalists (from New England) and Anglicans (from the South/ Church of England)

Question 5

Who was the “father of New France”?

Answer 5

Champagne

Question 6

What were colonial taverns used for?

Answer 6

Rest and refreshments, as well as centers of news and political opinion.

Question 7

The Great Awakening results:

Answer 7

• broke down sectional boundaries and created a greater sense of common American identity.
• undermined old clergy because of its emphasis on direct, emotive spirituality
• led to the founding of Brown, Princeton, Rutgers, and Dartmouth, among others.

Question 8

Who was Jonathan Edwards?

Answer 8

Started the Great Awakening in the 1730s and 1740s in Northampton, Massachusetts. Painted lurid depictions of hell- one of the most famous was called “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

Question 9

Who was George Whitefield?

Answer 9

Introduced a preaching style that differed from Edwards’

He had a booming voice that attracted large audiences. Preached about human helplessness and divine omnipotence.

Question 10

Jayle Birds

Answer 10

Paupers and convicts shipped from England to America by force. They ranked lower than indentured servants on the American social scale.

Question 11

Most populous colonies in 1775 IN ORDER

Answer 11

Virginia, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Maryland

Question 12

Molasses Act

Answer 12

Passed by British parliament in 1773; aimed at reducing American trade with the French West Indies. American merchants responded by smuggling and bribing their way around it.

Question 13

The Zenger Case (1734-1735)

Answer 13

John Peter Zenger- a newspaper printer- taken to court after printing a story about “ethnic groups being pitted against each other” defender: former indentured servant, now Philadelphia lawyer, Andrew Hamilton. In the end Zenger was acquitted. Certain freedom of speech and press resulted

Question 14

Jesuits

Answer 14

Notable French catholic missionaries; suffered tortures by Indians whole trying to take them from the fur-trappers and to Christ

Question 15

Who founded Detroit?

Answer 15

Andrew Cadillac

Question 16

Robert de la Salle

Answer 16

Went down Mississippi to the gulf in 1682; named Louisiana after king Louis 14th; murdered by his men in 1687 after accidentally landing in Spanish Texas

Question 17

Where did the French set up forts?

Answer 17

Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes; most important = New Orleans

Question 18

Result of the War of Jenkin’s Ear

Answer 18

Gave the Louisbourg fortress colonists captured back to France

Question 19

French and Indian War

Answer 19

Originated over the Ohio territory; George Washington was sent to secure Virginia’s claim of about 500,000 acres of the region. He encountered a small French force and shots were fired. Washington eventually had to surrender his command (July 1754)

Question 20

French and Indian War (con’t)

Answer 20

Grew from a conflict between colonies and France to a worldwide conflict: the Seven Years War.

Question 21

The Albany Congress

Answer 21

Only 7/13 colonies were represented. Purpose was to keep the Iroquois on their side. They also wanted to achieve greater unity bolster common defense against the French. Ben Franklin proposed a scheme for colonial home rule, which resulted in a rejection of the Congress’s proposal by London and by individual colonies.

Question 22

General Braddock

Answer 22

British general sent to Virginia; set out to capture Fort Duquesne. The British forces suffered early defeats under his overall command.

Question 23

William Pitt

Answer 23

“Great Commoner”; “Organizer of Victory”; responsible for first significant British victory in F&I war

Question 24

Battle of Quebec

Answer 24

Deciding battle in French-British contest for North America. Britain won

Question 25

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Answer 25

Pontiac was the Ottawa Tribe chief; he led a violent rampage to drive British out of the Ohio country; British retaliate mercilessly, and it ended with an uneasy truce; encouraged British to keep troops stationed in the colonies.

Question 26

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 26

Came out of nowhere- Forbad settlement in the newly acquired land west of the Appalachians. It was meant to prevent conflicts with native Americans, but colonists saw it as the British selfishly limiting their liberties.

Question 27

Mercantilism

Answer 27

Theory made by the British that justified their power as equal to the amount of gold and silver in their treasury. The colonial economy should develop by becoming as economically self-sufficient as possible.

Question 28

The Sugar Act

Answer 28

Increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from West Indies

Question 29

Navigation Act, 1650

Answer 29

Aimed at Dutch shippers; declared bag all commerce flowing in and out of the colonies could only be transported in British vessels.

Question 30

Stamp Act

Answer 30

Mandated the use of stamped paper or affixing of stamps; certifying payment of stamp tax.

Question 31

Quartering Act 1765

Answer 31

Required certain colonies to provide food and quarters to British troops

Question 32

Stamp Act congress of 1765

Answer 32

In NYC; brought together 27 delegates from 9 colonies. Nonimportation agreements. Eventually the stamp act was repealed only to e replaced by declaratory acts

Question 33

Declaratory Act

Answer 33

Reaffirmed parliament’s “right to bind” the colonies

Question 34

Townshend Acts

Answer 34

Tax on glass, paper, white lead, tea, and paint

Question 35

Boston Massacre

Answer 35

British troops (Titans) were sent to quiet the resistance by colonists (humanity) on the Townshend Act. Humanity taunted the Titans, and they clashed. The Titans ate or injured 11 people.

Question 36

Crispus Attucks

Answer 36

“Mulatto” and leader of the Massacre mob (trainee squad 106); one of the first to die

Question 37

Boston Tea Party- December 16, 1773

Answer 37

The Sons of Liberty- disguised as Indians- dumped all the tea in the cargo of the British East India company into the Atlantic.

Question 38

Quebec Act

Answer 38

Quebec settlers were granted their catholic religion; permitted to retain customs and institutions; Quebec border expanded to Ohio River

Question 39

Lexington & Concord

Answer 39

British wanted to seize colonial gunpowder and capture Sam Adams and John Hancock; massacre killed 8 and injured tons; shot heard around the world;

Question 40

British and Colonial advantages

Answer 40

British: they could enlist foreign soldiers, Loyalists, and native Americans into their force.
Colonies: they were fighting defensively on agriculturally self-sufficient continent. They benefited from foreign drill masters like Von Steuben and Lafayette

Question 41

Bunker Hill

Answer 41

Frontal attack on both sides. Colonists retreated but British suffered more in casualties.

Question 42

Olive Branch Petition

Answer 42

Professed loyalty to British crown

Question 43

2nd continental congress

Answer 43

Raise money for army
Select Washington to lead army
Boycott British goods with Association

Question 44

Burgoyne

Answer 44

Gentleman Johnny; surrendered his command at Saratoga