Chapters 5-8 Flashcards by Miranda Rodriguez

Binary Compund

A two element compound

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Binary ionic compound

A two element compound consisting on an anion and cation

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Acid

Substances that produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions; proton donors.

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Oxyanion

a polyatomic ion containing at least one oxygen atom and one or more atoms of at least one other element.

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polyatomic ion

an ion containing a number of atoms

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precipitate

identification in reactions where solid forms

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strong electrolyte

a material that when dissolved in water gives a solution that conducts an electric current very efficiently

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soluble

dissolvable in waterr

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insoluble

not dissolvable in water

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strong acid

an acid that completely dissociates to produce H+ ions and the conjugate base.

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base

substances that produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; proton acceptors

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strong base

a metal hydroxide compound that completely dissociates into its ions in water

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molecular equation

an equation representing a reaction in solution and showing the reactants and product in undissociated form, whether they are strong or weak electrolytes

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complete ionic equation

An equation that shows as ions all substances that are strong electrolytes

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net ionic equation

an equation for a reaction in solution, representing strong electrolytes as ions and showing only those components that are directly involved in the chemical change.

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spectator ions

ions present in the reaction that do not participate directly in the reaction

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salt

ionic compound

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double displacement reaction

AB+CD-AD+CB

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acid base reaction

HY+AOH-AY+H20

involves an H+ ion that ends up in the product water

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precipitation reaction

formation of a solid

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oxidation reduction reaction

involves the transfer of electrons

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oxidization

an increase in oxidation state; a loss of electrons

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reduction

a decrease in oxidation state; a gain in electrons

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oxidizing agent

A reactant that accepts electrons from another reactant

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reducing agent

A reactant that donates electrons to another substance , reducing the oxidation the oxidation state of one of its own atoms

decomposition reaction

a reaction in which a compound can be broken down into simpler compounds or all the way to the component elements by heating or by the application of an electric current.

synthesis reaction

a given compound formed from simpler materials

chemical reaction

a process in which one or more substances are charged into one or more new substances by the reorganization of component atoms.

chemical equation

a representation of a chemical reaction showing the relative numbers of reactant and product molecules

reactant

starting substances in chemical reactions. They appear to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation.

product

Substances that result from chemical reactions. They are shown to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation.

nitric acid

HNO3

nitrate

NO3-

nitrite

NO2-

nitrous acid

HNO2

sulfuric acid

H2SO4

sulfate

SO4(2-)

sulfite

SO3(2-)

sulfurous acid

H2SO3

hydrogen sulfate

HSO4-

phosphoric acid

H3PO4

phosphate

PO4(3-)

hydrogen phosphate

HPO4(2-)

dihydrogen phosphate

H2PO4-

carbonate acid

H2CO3

carbonate

CO3(2-)

hydrogen carbonate

HCO3-

chloric acid

HClO3

chlorate

ClO3-

perchlorate

ClO4-

perchloric acid

HClO4

chlorite

ClO2-

chlorous acid

HClO2

acetic acid

HC2H3O2

acetate

C2H3O2-

chromic acid

H2CrO4

Boric acid

H3BO3

chromate

CrO4(2-)

borate

BO3(3-)

ammonium

NH4+

cyanide

CN-

cyanate

OCN-

thiocyanate

SCN-

peroxide

O2(2-)

hydroxide

OH-

thiosulfate

S2O3(2-)

dichromate

Cr2O7(2-)

Process for predicting the products of a precipitation reaction

Determine what ions each aqueous reactant has Exchange ions (+) ion from one reactant (-) one from other Balance charges of combined ions to get formula of each product criss/cross Balance the equation count atoms Determine solubility of each product in water solubility rules if product is insoluble it will precipitate

atomic mass unit

a small amount of mass

molar mass

the mass in grams of one mole of a compound

formula weight

the mass in grams of one mole of an ionic compound

empirical formula

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

average atomic mass

in the periodic table

avogadro's number

6.022 X 10^23

mass percent

the percent by mass of a component of a mixture or of a given element in a compound

volume to grams

multiply by density

grams to volume

divide by density

grams to moles

divide by molar mass

moles to grams

multiply by molar mass

moles to molecules

multiply by avos #

molecules to moles

divide by avos #

moles a to moles b

ratio of balancing coefficients

molecules to total atoms

multiply by the sum of subs

total atoms to molecules

divide by the sum of subs

molecules to amus

multiply by atomic mass

amus to molecules

divide by atomic mass

molecules to atoms of one type

multiply by sub

atoms of one type to molecules

divide by sub

Chapters 5-8 Flashcards

(88 cards)