Chapters 5-9 Flashcards
A branch of mathematics designed to draw conclusions from data that have been collected, organized, and subject to analysis. A. Algebra B. Statistics C. Chemistry D. Probabilities
B. Statistics
Numbers that cluster around the “middle” group of values.
A. Middle B. Central Tendency C. Cluster D. Trend
B. Central Tendency
A group of “phenomena,” or numbers that have something in common.
A. Population B. Groups C. Central Tendency D. Mean
A. Population
A mathematical function based on the deviations of a set of numbers from the mean. A. Upper Control Limit B. Lower Control Limit C. Variance D. Standard Deviation
C. Variance
One standard deviation contains __% of measurements, two standard deviations contain __% of measurements, and three standard deviations contain __% of measurements.
68 - 95 - 99.7
Square root of the variance A. Upper Control Limit B. Lower Control Limit C. Variance D. Standard Deviation
D. Standard Deviation
SPC
Statistical Process Control
(T/F) Accurate data collection is critical to statistical analysis.
True
A bar chart that identifies the defects in order of occurrence from the largest to the smallest. A. Pareto Chart B. Pie Chart C. Scatter Chart D. Trend Chart
A. Pareto Chart
Flow charts are constructed by:
A. identify the process and boundaries
B. develop a high-level flow chart first to see the big picture
C. validate the flow chart with the organization
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
A picture of key activities that take place in a process. A. Pareto Chart B. Pie Chart C. Flow Chart D. Trend Chart
C. Flow Chart
Determines a cause-effect relationship between two variables, where an dependent variable depends on an independent variable. A. Scatter Diagram B. Pareto Diagram C. Standard Deviation D. Moving Range Diagram
A. Scatter Diagram
(T/F) Variability occurs in every process. It can be caused by equipment wear, environment, operator malfunctions, or management.
True
Plots data, such as a PV, over time. A. Run Chart B. Trend Chart C. Pareto Chart D. Scatter Chart E. A and/or B F. None of the above
E. A and/or B
(T/F) If variation can be attributed to an assignable cause, the process is in control.
False - it is out of control
A cause of unpredictable variation that can be identified using structured techniques.
A. Assignable Cause
B. Natural Cause
C. Chance Cause
A. Assignable Cause
(T/F) Any data point outside of +/- 3 sigma is likely due to an assignable cause.
True
(T/F) It is important to collect data on a heat exchanger on a regular basis. A gradually increasing dP across the exchanger may indicate fouling.
True
(T/F) Exchanger rarely foul over time, so there is not need to clean them during shutdowns.
False - ALL exchangers foul over time and should be cleaned.
Operator response to trends of data should be \_\_\_\_\_\_ through training and experience. A. monitored B. assumed C. standardized D. none of the above
C. standardized
Take \_\_\_\_ readings and log any unusual deviations. A. accurate B. approximate C. estimated D. normal
A. accurate
To be a good troubleshooter, you should: A. know the equipment B. understand instrumentation C. be familiar with past problems D. discuss problems with fellow operators E. all of the above
E. all of the above
\_\_\_\_\_ is the best teacher, but modern computer technology can help track down problems. A. Money B. Management C. Experience D. Mr. Reader
C. Experience
The first problem that created a process upset (root cause)
A. Primary problem
B. Secondary problem
A. Primary problem
