CHAPTERS 5.1-5.3

Question 1

what is an ionic compound?

Answer 1

ionic compounds are made by the chemical combination of metallic and non-metallic elements

Question 2

what are some common properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 2

• brittleness/hardness
• difference in electrical conductivity in solid and molten liquid states

Question 3

why do ionic substances have a high melting point?

Answer 3

there is a strong force of attraction between the cation and anions

Question 4

why are ionic substances brittle?

Answer 4

directional bonding causes repulsion between layers

Question 5

why are ionic substances hard?

Answer 5

there is a strong attraction between cations and anions

Question 6

why do ionic substances conduct poor electricity?

Answer 6

there are no free moving ions

Question 7

why are ionic substances good electrical conductors in a liquid or aqueous state?

Answer 7

there are free moving ions

Question 8

why are ionic substances crystalline?

Answer 8

the ions are arranged in a lattice

Question 9

why are many ionic substances soluble in water?

Answer 9

the polar water molecules dissociate ions in the lattice

Question 10

how do cations form?

Answer 10

metal atoms lose electrons

Question 11

how do anions form?

Answer 11

non-metal atoms gain electrons

Question 12

when do you use the suffix ‘ide’ for ionic compounds?

Answer 12

for monotonic anions

Question 13

when do you use the suffix ‘ate’ for ionic compounds?

Answer 13

for polyatomic ions containing oxygen

Question 14

when do you use the suffix ‘ite’ for ionic compounds?

Answer 14

for when polyatomic ions contain less oxygen

Question 15

when does precipitation reaction occur?

Answer 15

it occurs if ions in a solution combine to form a new compound that is soluble in water

Question 16

what is a precipitate?

Answer 16

the insoluble compound formed in a precipitation reaction

Question 17

what does the solubility of an ionic compound depend on?

Answer 17

it depends on the forces between the ions in the solid lattice structure

Question 18

what compounds are soluble in water?

Answer 18

• all compounds containing a nitrate ion
• a sodium ion
• a chloride ion (silver chloride is an exception)

Question 19

what compounds are insoluble in water?

Answer 19

• most hydroxides
• mot carbonates
• most sulfides
• most phosphates

Question 20

what are spectator ions?

Answer 20

ions that don’t directly participate in a chemical reaction and remain unchanged throughout the process. They are present to maintain electrical neutrality and can be disregarded when writing net ionic equations