Chapters 6,7, 8, 9, 12 Flashcards
(183 cards)
1
Q
What does the combining form aliment/o mean
A
nourishment
2
Q
what does the oral cavity contain
A
lips, cheeks, hard palate, soft palate
3
Q
What does the combining forms or/o and stomat/o mean
A
mouth
4
Q
what does the combining form gnath/o mean
A
jaw
5
Q
prognathia (Sow mouth)
A
elongated mandible, or a mandible that is overshot
6
Q
brachygnathia (parrot mouth)
A
shortened mandible, or a mandible that is undershot
7
Q
labia
A
lips
8
Q
what does the combining form labi/o and cheil/o mean
A
lips
9
Q
buccal
A
pertaining to or directed toward the cheek
10
Q
palate
A
forms the roof of the mouth
11
Q
Hard palate
A
the bony rostral portion of the palate that is covered with specialized mucous membrane
12
Q
Rugae
A
specialized mucous membrane that contains irregular folds
13
Q
soft palate
A
the flexible caudal portion of the palate
14
Q
Tongue
A
movable muscular organ located in the oral cavity used for tasting and processing food, grooming, and articulating noises
15
Q
papillae
A
elevations
16
Q
Filiform
A
threadlike
17
Q
Fungiform
A
Mushroom like
18
Q
vallate
A
Cube shaped
19
Q
frenulum
A
band of connective tissue that connects the tongue to the ventral surface of the oral cavity
20
Q
lingual surface
A
Cheek side
21
Q
Dentition
A
The teeth as a whole, that is, the teeth arranged in the maxillary and mandibular arcades
22
Q
deciduous dentition
A
The temporary set of teeth that are erupt in young animals and are replaced at or near maturity
23
Q
permanent dentition
A
the set of teeth designed to last the lifetime of an animal
24
Q
incisor
A
front tooth used for cutting
25
canine
long, pointed bonelike tooth located between the incisors and premolars
26
premolars
cheek tooth found between the canine teeth and molars
27
molar
most caudally located permanent cheek tooth used for grinding
28
enamel
the hard white substance covering the dentin of the crown of the tooth
29
cementum
the bonelike connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth
30
Dentin
connective tissue surrounding the tooth pulp
31
pulp
consists of nerves, blood vessels, and loose connective tissue
32
apical foramen
the hole at the tip of the root where nerves and blood vessels enter the tooth
33
periodontia
structures that support the teeth
34
periodontal ligament
contains collagen fibers that are anchored to the cementum of the tooth and the alveolar bone
35
gingiva
mucous membrane that surrounds the teeth and forms the mouth lining, also known as the gums
36
salivary glands
a group of cells located in the oral cavity that secrete a clear substance containing digestive enzymes
37
Selenodont
animals with teeth that have crescents on their grinding surfaces
38
Lophodont
animals with teeth that have ridged occlusal surfaces
39
bunodont
animals with teeth that are worn rounded surfaces
40
hypsodont
animals with continuously erupting teeth
41
pleurodont
animals with teeth attached by one side on the inner jaw surface
42
brachydont
animals with permanently rooted teeth
43
pharynx
the cavity in the caudal oral cavity that joins the respiratory and gastrointestinal system
44
esophagus
a collapsible muscular tube that leads from the oral cavity to the stomach
45
abdomen
the cavity located between the diaphragm and the pelvis
46
peritoneum
the membrane lining that covers the abdominal and pelvic cavities and some of the organs in the area
47
lesser omentum
folding of peritoneum
48
greater omentum
connected to the dorsal abdominal wall by another fold of peritoneum
49
glandular stomach
produces secretion for digestion
50
cardia
entrance area located nearest to the esophagus
51
fundus
base of an organ
52
body
main portion of an organ, which is the rounded base or bottom, also known as the corpus
53
antrum
constricted part of the stomach that joins the pylorus
54
pylorus
narrow passageway between the stomach and the duodenum
55
pyloric sphincter
muscle ring that controls the flow of material from the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine
56
rugae
folds present in the mucosa of the stomach
57
rumen
largest compartment of the ruminant stomach that serves as a fermentation vat
58
reticulum
most cranial compartment of the ruminant stomach; also called the honeycomb
59
omasum
third compartment of the ruminant stomach
60
abomasum
fourth compartment of the ruminant stomach, also known as the true stomach
61
liver
removes excess glucose from the bloodstream
62
emulsification
fat digestion
63
bilirubin
is a pigment produced from the destruction of hemoglobin that is released by the liver in bile
64
pancreas
elongated gland near the cranial portion of the duodenum
65
lipase
enzyme that digests fat
66
amylase
enzyme that digests carbohydrates
67
prehension
grasping of food
68
mastication
breaks food down into smaller pieces and mixes the ingesta with saliva
69
deglutition
moves chewed ingesta into the pharynx and into the esophagus
70
Urinary system
removes wastes from the body by constantly filtering blood
71
urea
major waste product of protein metabolism, it is filtered by the kidney and used in some diagnostic tests to determine the health status of the kidney.
72
homeostasis
maintaining a proper amount of water, electrolytes, and acids allows the body to have a stable internal environment.
73
what does the combining form home/o mean
unchanging
74
what does the combining form urin/o and ur/o mean
urine or pertaining to urinary organs
75
retroperitoneally
kidneys are located behind the lining of the abdominal cavity or outside the peritoneal cavity
76
what does the combining form ren/o and nephr/o mean
kidney
77
Cortex of the kidney
outer layer of the kidney
78
What does the combining form Cortic/o
outer region, and it describes the outer region of many organs
79
medulla of the kidney
inner layer of the kidney
80
What does the combining form medullo/o mean
means middle or inner portion
81
Nephron
functional unit of the kidney, consists of the glomerulus Bowman's capsule
82
glomerulus
cluster of capillaries surrounded by Bowman's capsule
83
Bowman's capsule
Cup shaped structure that contains the glomerulus
84
proximal convoluted tubules
hollow tubes located between Bowman's capsule and loops of Henle that are involved in reabsorption
85
Loop of Henle
U shaped turn in the convoluted tubules that is involved in reabsorption has ascending and descending loop
86
Distal convoluted tubules
hollow tubes located between the loops of Henle and the collecting tubules that are involved in secretion
87
Collecting tubules
hollow tubes that carry urine from the cortex to the renal pelvis
88
what does the combining form glomerul/o mean
winding into a ball
89
renal pelvis
the area of the kidney where the nephrons collect urine before entering the ureters
90
The combining form for the renal pelvis
pyel/o
91
calyces
irregular cuplike spaces that collect urine from the kidney
92
Calyx
singular form of calyces
93
hilus
serves as the point of attachment of the renal blood vessels, nerves, and ureter
94
ureters
a pair of narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
95
what does the combining form ureter/o mean
ureter
96
urinary bladder
singular hollow muscular organ that holds urine
97
what does the combing form cyst/o mean
urinary bladder
98
sphincters
ringlike muscles that close a passageway
99
urethra
tube extending from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
100
what does the combining form urethr/o mean
urethra
101
urethral meatus
the external opening of the urethra
102
what does the combining form meat/o mean
opening
103
uropoiesis
the process of urine production
104
turbid
cloudy
105
erythropoietin
hormone produced by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow
106
antidiuretic
hormone released by the posterior pituitary glad that suppresses urine formation by reabsorbing more water; abbreviated ADH
107
aldosterone
hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates electrolyte balance via the reabsorption of sodium
108
Cystocentesis
surgical puncture of the urinary bladder; usually to collect urine. Performed with needle and syringe
109
Cystography
radiographic study of the urinary bladder after contrast material has been placed in the urinary bladder via urethral catheter
110
Cystogram
the radiographic film of the urinary bladder after contrast material has been placed in the urinary bladder via catheter
111
Retrograde
if the contrast material goes in reverse order of how urine normally flows in the body
112
cystoscopy
visual examination of the urinary bladder using a fiberoptic instrument
113
Cystoscope
fiberoptic instrument used to access the interior of the urinary bladder
114
Intravenous pyelogram
radiographic study of the kidney and ureters in which a dye is injected into a vein to define structures more clearly
115
Pneumocystography
radiographic study of the urinary bladder after air has been placed in the bladder via a urethral catheter
116
Radiography
imaging of internal structures that is created by exposing specialized film to X-rays
117
Scout film
plain X-ray made without the use of contrast material
118
Retrograde pyelogram
radiographic study of the kidney and ureters in which contrast material is placed directly in the urinary bladder
119
urinalysis
examination of urine components
120
albuminaria
presence of major blood protein in urine
121
Anuria
complete suppression of urine production
122
Bacteriuria
presence of bacteria in urine
123
Dysuria
difficult or painful urination
124
Glucosuria
glucose in urine
125
Glycosuria
glucose in urine
126
hematuria
blood in the urine
127
Ketonuria
presence of ketones in urine
128
nocturia
excessive urination at night
129
oliguria
scanty or little urine
130
Pollakiuria
frequent urination
131
polyuria
excessive urination
132
proteinuria
presence of proteins in urine
133
pyuria
pus in urine
134
stranguria
slow or painful urination
135
azotemia
presence of urea or other nitrogenous elements in the blood
136
calculus
abnormal mineral deposit
137
casts
fibrous of protein minerals found in the urine with renal disease or another abnormality
138
crystals
naturally produced angular solid of definitive form
139
cystalgia
urinary bladder pain
140
cystitis
inflammation of the urinary bladder
141
cystocele
displacement of the urinary bladder through the vaginal wall
142
epispadias
abnormal condition in which the urethra opens on the dorsum of the penis
143
feline lower urinary tract disease
common disease of cats in which cystitis, urethritis, and crystalluria are found
144
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the kidney involving glomeruli
145
hydronephrosis
dilation of the renal pelvis as a result of an obstruction to urine flow
146
hydroureter
distention of the ureter with urine caused by any blockage
147
hypospadias
abnormal condition in which the urethra opens on the ventral surface of the penis
148
inappropriate urination
elimination of urine at the wrong time or in the wrong place
149
incontinence
inability to control excretory function
150
interstitial cystitis
inflammation within the wall of the urinary bladder
151
-lithiasis
suffix meaning the presence of stones or calculi
152
nephrectasis
distention of the kidneys
153
distention
enlargement
154
nephritis
inflammation of the kidneys
155
nephrolith
kidney stones or renal calculus
156
nephromalacia
abnormal hardening of the kidney
157
nephrosis
abnormal condition of the kidneys
158
prerenal and postrenal
before and after the kidney, respectively
159
prolapse
downward displacement of a body organ
160
pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
161
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney
162
renal failure
inability of the kidneys to function
163
acute
occurring suddenly or over a short period of time
164
chronic
having a longer onset
165
nephrotoxin
poison having destructive effects on the kidney
166
diuresis
elevated excretion of urine
167
renal infarction
obstruction of blood flow to the kidneys
168
uremia
waste products in the blood
169
ureterectasis
distention of the ureter
170
ureterolith
stone in the ureter
171
cystectomy
surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder
172
cystopexy
surgical fixation of the urinary bladder to the abdominal wall
173
cystoplasty
surgical repair of the urinary bladder
174
cystostomy
surgical creation of a new opening between the skin and urinary bladder
175
cystotomy
surgical incision into the urinary bladder
176
cystotomy
surgical incision into the urinary bladder
177
Dialysis
procedure to remove blood waste products when the kidneys are no longer functioning
178
peritoneal dialysis
the removal of blood waste products by fluid exchange through the peritoneal cavity
179
hemodialysis
is the removal of blood waste products by filtering blood through a machine
180
lithotripsy
destruction of stone using ultrasonic waves traveling through water
181
nephrectomy
surgical removal of the kidney
182
nephropexy
surgical fixation of a kidney to the abdominal wall
183
nephroplasty
