Chapters 6, 8, 9

Question 1

What is an example of a reflex that occurs at some point in the development of a human being?

Answer 1

Nursing milk in infants
*sucking reflex

Question 2

Learning is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that ______

Answer 2

Occurs as a result of experience

Question 3

Two forms of associative learning are ______ and ______

Answer 3

Classical conditioning; operant conditioning

Question 4

In ______ the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired with the behavior

Answer 4

Classical conditioning

Question 5

A stimulus that does not initially elicit a response in an organism is a ______

Answer 5

Neutral stimulus

Question 6

In Watson and Rayner’s experiments, Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, and then he began to be afraid of other furry white objects. This demonstrates ______

Answer 6

Stimulus generalization

Question 7

Extinction occurs when ______

Answer 7

The conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Question 8

In Pavlov’s work with dogs, the psychic secretions were ______

Answer 8

Conditioned responses

Question 9

______ is when you take away a pleasant stimulus to stop a behavior

Answer 9

Negative punishment

Question 10

What is not an example of a primary reinforcer?

Answer 10

Money

Question 11

Rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior is ______

Answer 11

Shaping

Question 12

Slot machines reward gamblers with money according to which reinforcement schedule?

Answer 12

Variable ratio

Question 13

The person who performs a behavior that serves as an example is called a ______

Answer 13

Model

Question 14

In Bandura’s Bobo doll study, when the children who watched the aggressive model were placed in a room with the doll and other toys, they ______

Answer 14

Kicked and threw the doll

Question 15

The correct order of the steps in the modeling process is ______

Answer 15

Attention, retention, production, motivation

Question 16

Who proposed observational learning?

Answer 16

Albert Bandura

Question 17

Another name for short-term memory is ______

Answer 17

Working memory

Question 18

The storage capacity of long-term memory is ______

Answer 18

Essentially limitless

Question 19

The three functions of memory are ______

Answer 19

Encoding, storage, and retrieval

Question 20

This physical trace of memory is known as the ______

Answer 20

Engram

Question 21

An exceptionally clear recollection on an important event is a ______

Answer 21

Flashbulb memory

Question 22

______ is when our recollections of the past are done in a self-enhancing manner

Answer 22

Egocentric bias

Question 23

Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is also known as ______

Answer 23

Blocking

Question 24

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ______, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ______

Answer 24

Construction; reconstruction

Question 25

When you are learning how to play the piano, the statement “Every good boy does for fine” can help you remember the notes E, G, B, D, and F for the lines on the treble clef. This is an example of an ______

Answer 25

Acrostic

Question 26

According to a story by Yogo and Fujihara (2008), if you want to improve your short-term memory you should spend time writing about ______

Answer 26

A traumatic life experience

Question 27

The self-referencing effect refers to ______

Answer 27

Making the material you are trying to memorize personally meaningful to you

Question 28

Memory aids that help organize information for encoding are ______

Answer 28

Mnemonic devices

Question 29

The view that development is a cumulative process, gradually adding to the same type of skill is known as ______

Answer 29

Continuous development

Question 30

Developmental psychologists study human growth and development across three domains. What is not one the domains?

Answer 30

Psychological

Question 31

How is lifespan development defined?

Answer 31

The study of how we grow and change from conception to death

Question 32

The idea that even if something is out of sight, it still exists is called ______

Answer 32

Object permanence

Question 33

Which theorist proposed that moral thinking proceeds through a series of stages?

Answer 33

Lawerence Kohlberg

Question 34

According to Erikson’s theory of psychological development, what is the main task of the adolescent?

Answer 34

Forming an identity

Question 35

What is the correct order of prenatal development?

Answer 35

Zygote, embryo, fetus

Question 36

The time during fetal growth when specific parts or organs develop is known as the ______

Answer 36

Critical period

Question 37

What begins as a single-cell structure that is created when a sperm and an egg merge at conception?

Answer 37

Zygote

Question 38

Using scissors to cut out paper shapes is an example of ______

Answer 38

Fine motor skills

Question 39

The child uses the parent as a base from which to explore her world in which attachment style?

Answer 39

Secure

Question 40

The frontal lobes become fully developed ______

Answer 40

By age 25

Question 41

Who created the first modern hospice?

Answer 41

Cicely Saunders

Question 42

What is the order of stages in the Kübler-Ross model (the five stages of grief)?

Answer 42

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance