Chapters 6 and 8

Question 1

What kind of forces drive science

Answer 1

Money, War, ect

Question 2

Positivist Perspective

Answer 2

The role of scientists is to discover the ‘truth’ objectively without concern for its impacts on society (Society shouldn’t influence the theory building process)

Question 3

Social Constructivist Theory

Answer 3

The role of scientists is to ‘construct’ society and create science as a part of that society (Scientists develop paradigms within societal norms)

Question 4

Five Steps to Any Species Development (In Order)

Answer 4

1. Overpopulation
2. Competition
3. Variation
4. Advantage of some variants
5. Characteristics of species change over time

Question 5

Who was Henrietta Lacks

Answer 5

An African American woman whose immortal cells were used in many kinds of research.

Question 6

Little Ice Age

Answer 6

A period of widespread cooling on earth from 1550 to 1850

Question 7

Proximate Cause

Answer 7

The mechanism by which science occurs in studying natural processes (What and How)

Question 8

Ultimate Cause

Answer 8

Underlying questions about the larger meaning of science (Why and Reason for)

Question 9

Nature

Answer 9

Genes influences human behavior

Question 10

Nurture

Answer 10

Environment influences human behavior

Question 11

Aggression

Answer 11

Considered good and bad in the western world

Question 12

Altruism

Answer 12

Inherent goodness

Question 13

Selfish Gene Hypothesis

Answer 13

The idea that all life in selfish by nature

Question 14

Individual Selection

Answer 14

Survival of the fittest individual (Richard Dawkins)

Question 15

Group Selection

Answer 15

Survival of the fittest group (Konrad Lorenz)

Question 16

Eusocial System

Answer 16

Individuals within the system show altruistic behaviors

Question 17

What is the most important characteristic of a scientist?

Answer 17

Honesty

Question 18

Fraud

Answer 18

The falsification or manipulation of data to produce a desired result

Question 19

Plagiarism

Answer 19

The use of someone else’s words or ideas without giving proper credit

Question 20

What are the two categories of pseudoscience?

Answer 20

1. Well integrated into society
2. On the fringes of society

Question 21

Acupuncture

Answer 21

The practice of inserting needles to stimulate the nerves and treat health problems.

Question 22

Anabolism

Answer 22

Building up macromolecules

Question 23

Catabolism

Answer 23

Breaking down macromolecules

Question 24

Astrology

Answer 24

The belief that the position of the sun, moon, and stars at the time of one’s birth can predict their personality

Question 25

Psychic Prediction

Answer 25

Claiming to see future events

Question 26

Dowsing

Answer 26

Finding underground water using a forked instrument or stick

Question 27

Scientific Literacy

Answer 27

A certain amount of knowledge and reasoning in science