main shaft-like portion of a long bone. - hollow - cylindrical

Chapters 6 The Skeletal System Flashcards by Rachel Kelly

femur

thigh bone

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patella

knee bone

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fibula

leg bone?

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tibula

leg bone?

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the human skeleton consists of how many bones?

206

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hematopoiesis

blood cell formation

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long bones

longer than they are wide, with distinctively shaped ends

ex upper arm, lower arm, thigh, lower leg, fingers and toes

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short bones

about as long as they are wide with a somewhat box shaped structure

ex carpals tarsal

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carpal

wrist

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tarsal

ankle

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flat bones

broad and thin, having a flat (sometimes curved) surface

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irregular

come in various sizes and bones of the spinal column and face

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humerus

upper arm

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radius and ulna

lower arm

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phalanges

fingers and toes

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vertebrae

spinal column

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sesamoid bones

unique, irregular bones embedded in the substance of tendons and usually located around a joint.

ex - kneecap

also located around the hand-to-finger joints.

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diaphysis

main shaft-like portion of a long bone.

hollow
cylindrical

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epiphysis

located at each end of a long bone

bulb like shape for muscle attachment

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epiphyseal line

layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis

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periosteum

thick white fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the long bone except at the joint surfaces (i.e. at the ends of the epiphyses) the joint surfaces are covered by articular cartilage

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articular cartilage

thin layer of cartilage that covers the ends of the long bones and the surfaces of the joints

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compact bone

hard outer shell of the bone. lies under the periosteum

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Medullary (marrow) cavity

within the center of the diaphysis (hollow area), which contains yellow marrow.

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Haversian canals

contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

cancellous bone aka spongy bone or trabecular bone

blood vessels transport nutrients and oxygen to the bones-not as dense as compact bone

trabecula

needlelike spicules that give the cancellous bone its spongy appearance. they are arranged along lines of stress, giving added strength to bones. the spaces between the trabeculae are filled with red bone marrow

yellow marrow

stores fat and is not an active site for blood cell production in the adult

all/o

difference from

-genic

pertaining to formation, producing

ankyl/o

stiff

spondyl/o

spine, vertebrae

itis

inflammation

arthr/o

joint

-desis

binding or surgical fusion

cervic/o

neck

acetabul/o

acetabulum

ankyl/o

stiff

arthr/o

joint

-blast, blast/o

embryonic stage of development

calc/o, calc/i

calcium

calcane/o

heel bone

carp/o

wrist

chondr/i, chondr/o

cartilage

-clast

to break

-clastic

to break

clavicul/o

collarbone

coccyg/o

coccyx

cost/o

ribs

crani/o

skull

-desis

to bind, tie together

femor/o

femur

fibul/o

fibula

gen/o

to produce

humer/o

humerus

ili/o

ilium

ischi/o

ischium

kyph/o

humpback, pertaining to a hump

lamino/o

lamina

lord/o

swayback; bent

lumb/o

loins, lower back

malac/o

softening

-malacia

softening

mandibul/o

mandible (lower jaw)

mastoid/o

mastoid process

maxill/o

upper jaw

metacarp/o

hand bones

metatars/o

foot bones

myel/o

spinal cord or bone marrow

olecran/o

elbow

orth/o

straight

oste/o

bone

patell/o

kneecap

patell/a

kneecap

pelv/i

pelvis

phalang/o

fingers, toes

-physis

growth, growing

por/o

cavity, opening, passage or pore

-porosis

porous; lessening in density

pub/o

pubis

rach/i

spinal column

radi/o

radiation; also refers to the radius

scapul/o

shoulder blade

scoli/o

crooked, bent

spondyl/o

vertebrae

sten/o

short, contracted

stern/o

sternum

synovi/o

synovial membrane

synov/o

synovial membrane

tars/o

ankle bones

tempor/o

temples of the head

vertebr/o

vertebra

bone head

a rounded, knoblike end of a long bone, separated from the shaft of the bone by a narrow portion (the neck of the bone).

neck

a constricted or narrow section that connects with the head, as in the neck connecting to the head or the neck of the femur

tuberosity

an elevated, broad, rounded process of a bone--usually for attachment

trochanter

large bony process located below the neck of the femur, for attachment of muscles

condyle

a knucklelike projection at the end of a bone' usually fits into a fossa of another bone to form a joint

crest

A distinct boarder or ridge; an upper part of the hip bone (the iliac crest); generally a site for muscle attachement

spine

a sharp projection from the surface of a bone, similar to a crest for example, the spine of the scalpula ( shoulder blade) used for muscle attachement

Chapters 6 The Skeletal System Flashcards

(99 cards)