Chapters 7 & 8

Question 1

Problem-solving method in which one possible method after another is tried until a successful one is found

Answer 1

Trial and error (mechanical solution)

Question 2

Creation of a machine that can act like a human

Answer 2

Artificial Intelligence

Question 3

What is the IQ range of a bright person?

Answer 3

110-120

Question 4

What is the equation for an IQ test?

Answer 4

Mental age divided by chronological age times one hundred

Question 5

The tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people

Answer 5

Reliability

Question 6

The 2 percent of the population falling on the upper end of the normal curve and typically possessing an IQ of 130 or above

Answer 6

Gifted

Question 7

Very specific, step by step procedure for solving certain types of problems

Answer 7

Algorithums

Question 8

Study of changes in people from conception until death

Answer 8

Human development

Question 9

The ability to learn from one’s experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems

Answer 9

Intelligence

Question 10

What are the 9 multiple intelligences?

Answer 10

1. Verbal Linguistic
2. Musical
3. Logical/ mathematical
4. Verbal/ spatial
5. Movement
6. Interpersonal
7. Intrapersonal
8. Naturalist
9. Existentialist

Question 11

What is another word for thinking?

Answer 11

Cognition

Question 12

A person’s behavioral and cognitive skills exist at an earlier developmental stage than the skills of others who are the same chronological age

Answer 12

Developmentally delayed

Question 13

What is the average IQ for teens?

Answer 13

90-110

Question 14

The degree to which a test actually measures what it’s supposed to measure

Answer 14

Validity

Question 15

Process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving certain ways

Answer 15

Problem-solving

Question 16

The theory that genes effect human development

Answer 16

Nature

Question 17

A gene that only influences the expression of the trait when paired with an identical gene

Answer 17

Recessive Gene

Question 18

What of human thought processes has yet to be developed in a machine?

Answer 18

True flexibility

Question 19

A different group of participants are studied at one time

Answer 19

Cross Sectional Design

Question 20

Mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is organizing and attempting to understand information, and communicating information to others.

Answer 20

Thinking (cognition)

Question 21

The process of giving the test to a large group of people that represents the kind of people for when the test is designed

Answer 21

Standardization

Question 22

What is the average IQ for superior people?

Answer 22

120-130

Question 23

An educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down the possible solutions for a problem. Also known as a “rule of thumb”

Answer 23

Heuristic

Question 24

Molecule containing organism’s genetic material

Answer 24

DNA

Question 25

Where a participant or group of participants are studied over a long period of time

Answer 25

Longitudinal design

Question 26

The theory that parenting and the environment affect human development

Answer 26

Nurture

Question 27

Sudden perception of a solution to a problem

Answer 27

Insight

Question 28

First two weeks after fertilization, during which the zygote moves down to the uterus

Answer 28

Germinal Period

Question 29

Section of DNA having some arrangement of chemical elements

Answer 29

Gene

Question 30

Uniting of egg and sperm

Answer 30

Fertilization

Question 31

What are the 5 infant reflexes?

Answer 31

1. Grasping 2. Moro startle 3. Rooting 4. Stepping 5. Sucking

Question 32

Science of inherited traits

Answer 32

Genetics

Question 33

Cell resulting from egg-cell union

Answer 33

Zygote

Question 34

What is an ovum?

Answer 34

Egg

Question 35

A gene that actively controls the expression of the trait

Answer 35

Dominant Gene

Question 36

Any factor that can cause a birth defect

Answer 36

Teratogen

Question 37

Name for the developing organism from eight weeks after fertilization to the birth of the baby

Answer 37

Fetus

Question 38

Two to eight weeks after fertilization, during which the major organs and structures of the organism develop

Answer 38

Embryonic Period

Question 39

2 eggs, 2 sperm, 2 different babies

Answer 39

Dizygotic

Question 40

Moment pregnancy begins

Answer 40

Conception

Question 41

The time from about eight weeks after conception until the birth of the child

Answer 41

Fetal Period

Question 42

The development of thinking, problem-solving, and memory

Answer 42

Cognitive Development

Question 43

Times during which contain environmental influences. Can have an impact on the development of an infant

Answer 43

Critical Periods

Question 44

What are the four critical areas of adjustment for the newborn?

Answer 44

1. Respiration 2. Digestion 3. Circulation 4. Temperature regulation

Question 45

What are the 5 motor milestones?

Answer 45

1. Raising Head 2. Rolling Over 3. Sitting Up 4. Crawling 5. Walking

Question 46

In Piaget's stage theory, what stage is it when the infant uses its senses and motor abilities to interact with objects in the environment?

Answer 46

Sensorimotor Stage

Question 47

In Piaget's stage theory, what stage is it when the adolescent becomes capable of abstract thinking?

Answer 47

Formal Operations

Question 48

The tendency of a young child to focus only on one feature of an object while ignoring other relevant features

Answer 48

Centration

Question 49

Out of the attachment styles, which one is unattached; explore without "touching base?"

Answer 49

Avoidant Attachment

Question 50

In Piaget's stage theory, what stage is it when the preschool child learns to use language as a means of exploring the world?

Answer 50

Preoperational Stage

Question 51

In the stages of language development, what stage is it when the baby uses simple sentences?

Answer 51

Telegraphic Speech

Question 52

Out of the attachment styles, which one is willing to explore, upset when mother departs but easily soothed upon her return?

Answer 52

Secure Attachment

Question 53

The knowledge that an object exists even when it is not in sight

Answer 53

Objective Permanence

Question 54

In the stages of language development, what stage is around 6 months of age?

Answer 54

Babbling

Question 55

In the stages of language development, what stage is it when the baby says only one word?

Answer 55

One-word speech (Holophrases)

Question 56

In Piaget's stage theory, what stage is it when the school-age child becomes capable of logical thought processes but is not yet capable of abstract thinking?

Answer 56

Concrete Operations Stage

Question 57

Out of the attachment styles, which one is insecurely attached; upset when mother leaves and then angry with mother upon her return?

Answer 57

Ambivalant Attachment

Question 58

In the stages of language development, what stage is around the age of 3?

Answer 58

Whole Sentences

Question 59

The ability to understand that simply changing the appearance of an object does not change the object's nature

Answer 59

Conservation

Question 60

Bond between infant and caregiver?

Answer 60

Attachment

Question 61

In the stages of language development, what stage is it when the baby eewws or ahhs?

Answer 61

Cooing Stage

Question 62

Out of the attachment styles, which one is insecurely attached and sometimes abused or neglected; seems fearful, dazed, and depressed?

Answer 62

Disorganized Attachment

Question 63

The inability to see the world through anyone else' eyes

Answer 63

Egocentrism

Question 64

In the stages of language development, what stage is before the age of 1?

Answer 64

One-word Speech (Holophrases)

Question 65

Behavioral characteristics established at birth

Answer 65

Temperament

Question 66

The inability of the young child to mentally reverse an action

Answer 66

Irreversability