Chapters 9-11 Flashcards
Who was asked for help?
- Byzantine empire asked pope urban II for help
- pope urban II went on a city speaking tour
- promised for sins to be forgiven, serfs freedom, no taxes, prisoners were free, if people came to fight
Why did the crusades start?
It was to get the holy land back from the Muslims
1st crusade: specifics
People who were too impatient went in the first wave but were inexperienced and they all were killed by Turks. 2nd wave of people was experienced. Alexius isn’t happy bc there is too many soldiers when he only asked for 300. He starves them to gain control. Christians are ready for battle but when they get there to fight the Byzantines had double-crossed them. They already took the city w/out the Christians. Then the Christians go back and take Jerusalem (while killing all enemy).
2nd crusade : specifics
After the 1st crusade the Christians won, and split up Jerusalem like they had before w/everything else. It wasn’t as strong as it was. The Muslims go home but start to slow take back areas leading up to Jerusalem (slowly inching there). There was a massive counter attack by Muslims. The pope doesn’t want to get involved so Germany and France do. The Kings leave on Easter in 1147 but are defeated in battle. People believe that they didn’t win bc God is punishing them.
3rd crusade: specifics
Saladin (greatest Muslim leader since Muhammad) had a peace deal with the Christians but c’s break it, so he recaptures j and offers a choice for them to leave. **not done
Treaty of Troyes
Henry v Charles vi Wanted both thrones Set up daughter with him Both died bc it could happen
Why did the Jews want control of Jerusalem
Believe that in j. Jesus was crucified (ascent to heaven)
Was a holy land to them
England changes
- William of Normandy- changes the system of gov by aristocracy, domesday book
- henry II- wants to bring power to the monarch by taking power from the church(by church positions) had Thomas becket killed. People hate him and his son when he leads.
- king john- signs the Magna Carta
- edward I- parliament
France changes
*Philip II- founder of group that rules 300+ yrs
*louis IX- Dev. Religious, gives power to rights to his people dies frighting Ik 2nd crusade
*philip iv- estate general
*
Crusade:
1-4
- Pope urban II (Alexius 1)
- too many people came (60000)
- unity, power struggle, holy cities
-Christians win
-Italian city states back them up
christians go home* - Muslims regroup and counter attack
-pope Eugene 3
-Christians from Germany French -fail
-st. Bernard told them to go home
go home - Saladin
- muslim leader and warrior
-treaty is broke and Saladin launches -jihad
- William of tyre (launches the 3rd crusade)
- Richard I: king of England
- he talks French king to come along and fight
-draw (peace treaty)
Muslims get Jerusalem
Christians get port cities
Protection for traveling
-Richard goes home. Saladin dies
-peace deal fell apart - Pope innocent III
-western Roman Catholic vs Eastern Orthodox
-loss either way
Christians vs Christians
Children’s crusade
Supposedly French and German children went to get the holy land back and we’re all captured killed or put into slavery.
1000s of kids
Black Death
Reasons:
Ice age
Famine
Weakened
Mongols -calfeé Italian merchants -Fleas and rats 25-50% of pop is killed
3 types
- bubonic
- pneumonic
- systemtimiac
Comes in waves
Children’s curse bc they don’t have immunity
Changes:
- political: end of feudalism
- socially: serfdom comes to a end, decrease in family
- economics: survivors improve in all 3 ways, less trade bc people don’t want to get sick
- cultural: artisans decrease
100 years war
- Flanders: important northern town
- call for England help - France lacks unity
- English Kings own French land
- Succession over the French throne
England vs France in 100 yrs war
England advantages:
-war tech (cannons, longbow)
-tactics
(Want to fight war in short quick raids)
French advantages: -population -money (Want to fight a large traditional pitched battles) Pitched battle: line up armies and fight
England dominate 2/3 of the war
Turning point:
- death of kings Charles VI
- joan of arc -captured and killed (makes her a martyr) that United France and they won
- Orleans
How we know France won: Flanders is under French control France gets unified Almost all land is under French control Charles VII king of France and rightful owner of the crown
How do all fit together
Theme:
-loss :
population (lives),
church power
-questions: faith
-change: everything Tech Trade Religion Science begins Math begins Learning style
Leads to reformation
-church’s is questioned about everything the have told and taught
Renaissances
