Chapters 9-12 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Who took northern part of Italy, pope crowned their kings head in hopes of winning their goodwill, and caused popes to turn to the Franks?
German tribe called Lombards (longbeards)
Who put the last Frankish king of the line of Clovis in a monastery and put himself on the throne?
Pepin the Short
Who gave the conclusion popes could give and take away kingdoms beginning a tremendous struggle between papacy and empire?
Pepin
What did Charlemagne (Charles the Great) stand for?
1) law & order
2) civilization or culture
3) Christianity
Who’s realm was a Christian island in the ocean of heathen & Islam?
Charlemagne (Charles the Great)
Who was thought to have been the first pope and Bishops of Rome thought to be successors of?
Peter
Who held the most important office of the entire West?
Bishop of Rome - there was no emperor of Rome
What removed possible rivals to Rome?
Muslim conquests of other areas
The two most known documents that used fraud and deceit to strengthen popes position and authority are:
1) donation of Constantine
2) Isidorian deretals
Who believed the pope is the ruler of the entire Church and made the greatest claim to papal power?
Pope Nicholas I
Donation of constantine
Fraudulent document that claimed emperor Constantine was cured of leprosy from popes prayers and bestowed popes sovereignty over western half of the empire.
Isidorian deretals
Fraudulent document that stated the popes and bishops were not subject to secular governments.
Why did most people in Europe live in the country in the early Middle Ages?
Barbarian invasions made it so there were no large cities
What is feudalism?
System based on dividing land and giving it to nobles and tenants under agreement of military aid and service
What are vassals?
Those who received land upon condition of military aid and service.
What is political result of feudalism?
Decentralization - no countries were unified under strong central government
Who was involved in feudal system?
Everyone in Europe, including popes (emperors looked at popes as their vassals)
Who controlled and appointed the popes?
Whichever Italian noble family was in power at that time. The families were continually fighting each other for supremacy. No less than 20 popes from 891-955
What is the Holy Roman Empire?
Pope John XII looked to German king Otto for aid and crowned him Emperor. This restored the empire in the West and connected it with Germany. No longer just Italian popes.
Who was Pope Benedict IX?
Made pope by Italian party in control at the time, only 12 years old, one of the worst characters to occupy papal seat, sold the office for 1000lbs of silver, and refused to surrender it after large outcry of this simony.
What is simony?
Sinful practice of giving or obtaining an appointment to a church office for money.
What did the church in the West come to be known as and what race was a majority of its members?
The Latin church, Germanic race
What did the church separate into?
Western church and Eastern church
What language did the Eastern church speak?
Greek
