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FORENSIC 6 - Forensic Ballistics > Chapters VII, VIII, IX, and X > Flashcards

Chapters VII, VIII, IX, and X Flashcards

1
Q

It is the powder that is used in ammunition in the propulsion of projectile.

A

Gunpowder

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2
Q

Gunpowder has been replaced by the term ______________ and it is considered the oldest propellant.

A

propellant

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3
Q

It is a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate (saltpeter) with the sulfur and charcoal acting as fuels, while the saltpeter works as an oxidizer.

A

Gunpowder

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4
Q

He is the unrecognized inventor of gunpowder.

A

Wu Ching Tsun

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5
Q

He is an English monk and scientist, credited with the invention of gunpowder (blackpowder).

A

Roger Bacon (1248)

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6
Q

He is a German monk who was credited for the application of gunpowder for propelling missile.

A

Constantine Anklitzen, also known as Berthold Schwartz (1300)

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7
Q

He invented smokeless gunpowder with nitrocellulose, a single-base propellant called “Poudre B” made from gelatinized guncotton mixed with ether and alcohol.

A

Paul Marie Eugene Vieille or Paul Vieille (1886)

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8
Q

Paul Marie Eugene Vieille or Paul Vieille (1886) invented smokeless gunpowder with nitrocellulose, a single-base propellant called ____________ made from gelatinized guncotton mixed with ether and alcohol.

A

“Poudre B”

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9
Q

It is a light volatile flammable liquid. It was passed through rollers to form thin sheets which were cut into flakes of the desired size.

A

Ether

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10
Q

The propellant today known as ____________ contains less nitrogen than guncotton and less volatile.

A

pyrocellulose

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11
Q

He developed smokeless gunpowder called “Ballistite,” a double-base propellant.

A

Alfred E. Nobel (1887)

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12
Q

Alfred E. Nobel (1887) developed smokeless gunpowder called ____________, a double-base propellant.

A

“Ballistite”

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13
Q

They obtained a patent of modified form of smokeless gunpowder known as “Cordite.” This is another term that is being used for powder charge.

A

Sir Frederick Abel and James Dewar

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14
Q

Sir Frederick Abel and James Dewar obtained a patent of modified form of smokeless gunpowder known as _________. This is another term that is being used for powder charge.

A

“Cordite”

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15
Q

Weight of the propellant in a cartridge is expressed in _________ in English speaking countries while countries using metric system expressed the weight of the gunpowder in __________.

A

“Grains”; “Grams”

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16
Q

This consists of jet black and shiny grains that compose of:
a) Potassium Nitrate (75%);
b) Charcoal (15%); and
c) Sulfur (10%).

A

Black Powder

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17
Q

This produces small amount of smoke that compose of:
a) Nitrocellulose (60 parts);
b) Nitroglycerine (35 parts); and
c) Vaseline (5 parts).

A

Smokeless Powder

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18
Q

General Power of Gunpowder

A
  1. Long Arms
  2. Short Arms
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19
Q

These have slow burning gunpowder.

A

Long Arms

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20
Q

These have fast burning gunpowder.

A

Short Arms

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21
Q

In this year, the first examination and detection of GSR was done.

A

1911

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22
Q

In this year, Dr. Gonzalo Iturrioz, a chemist who was the first to use Paraffin Wax to collect propellant residue. Before, it was called “Iturrioz Test” but was popularly called as “Paraffin Test.”

A

1914

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23
Q

He was a chemist who was the first to use Paraffin Wax to collect propellant residue.

A

Dr. Gonzalo Iturrioz

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24
Q

Paraffin test was called ___________ before.

A

“Iturrioz Test”

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25
Q

In this year, Theodoro Gonzales performed a modified version of the Iturriuz test using molten paraffin wax on the hands of firer.

A

1931

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26
Q

He performed a modified version of the Iturriuz test using molten paraffin wax on the hands of firer.

A

Theodoro Gonzales

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27
Q

He demonstrated the use of paraffin cast in Criminal Identification Laboratory of Mexico, USA which was called “Dermal Nitrites Test” or “Diphenylamine Test” and “Gonzales Test.”

A

Theodoro Gonzales

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28
Q

Paraffin test may also be “positive” if there is the presence of:

A
  1. Fertilizer
  2. Cosmetics
  3. Urine
  4. Tobacco
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29
Q

It is the positive reaction of nitrates and nitrites.

A

Blue Color or Blue Specks

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30
Q

It is with the use of cotton with 5% Nitric Acid Solution that particles maybe collected.

A

Cotton Swabs

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31
Q

It is with the utilization of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis.

A

Adhesive Stubs

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32
Q

GSR

A

Gunshot Residue

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33
Q

It is the most important consideration in dealing with GSR evidence.

A

Time Factor

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34
Q

The standard time frame is _________ from the time of shooting but in some cases, it may persist much longer.

A

3-6 hours

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35
Q

Careful preservation of _________ should be made.

A

clothing

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36
Q

The traditional belief to remove GSR on hands is by application of _________.

A

vinegar

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37
Q

It is the most efficient method employed in the analysis of GSR, computerized.

A

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy Plasma (ICP-MSP)

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38
Q

It is used in the analysis of inorganic materials in primer residue such as Barium (Ba) and Antimony (Sb).

A

Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GFAAS)

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39
Q

It detects the presence of nitrates and nitrites.

A

Diphenylamine Test

40
Q

It detects presence of Lead Styhphante (Pb).

A

Sodium Rhodizonate Test

41
Q

It detects presence of nitrates in unburned or partially burned gunpowder. This is also used by the investigator to detect the Range.

A

Walker Test

42
Q

It detects Nitrites.

A

Greiss Test

43
Q

It both detects nitrates same with Greiss test.

A

Marshall and Tiwari Test

44
Q

It is the chemical used to indicate the presence of nitrocellulose.

A

Lunge Reagent

45
Q

These are normally employed as propellants for guns. These undergo deflagration from few centimeters per second to approximately 400m per second.

A

Low Explosives

46
Q

It is also known as double-base powder. It undergoes detonation from 914 to 9,140 meter per second.

A

High Explosive

47
Q

It is extremely sensitive to chemical shock, friction, and heat such as Fulminate Mercury, Lead Styphnate and Lead Azide.

A

Primary Explosive

48
Q

It is insensitive to shock, friction and heat because there is a need to expose them to heat or flame to boost their power, like dynamite (developed by Alfred Nobel), TNT, RDX, PETN and HMX.

A

Secondary Explosive

49
Q

Dynamite was developed by _____________.

A

Alfred Nobel

50
Q

These are also called as blasting agents and insensitive to shock. They cannot be reliably detonated with practical quantities of primary explosive and instead require an intermediate explosive booster of secondary explosive such as Ammonium Nitrate and Fuel oil Mixture.

A

Tertiary Explosives

51
Q

It is used to determine the similarities and dissimilarities of evidence and test evidence.

A

Bullet Comparison Microscope

52
Q

________________________ was the first to own Bullet Comparison Microscope in 1925. He is also the Father of Modern Ballistics.

A

Colonel Calvin H. Goddard, MD

53
Q

Two Positions in Comparing Evidence and Test Bullet

A

a) Intermarriage
b) Juxtaposition

54
Q

In ______________, half of evidence & test bullet is projected:
o at the same time – clock postions;
o at the same direction – left or right;
o at the same magnification – the same size when viewed (small vs small; bigger vs bigger);
o at the same image – landmarks vs landmarks; and
o at the same level or plane – refers to height or elevation of stage plate.

A

Intermarriage

55
Q

It is the critical side by side examination of evidence and test bullet/shell.

A

Juxtaposition

56
Q

It means putting two things together to emphasize their contrast between them.

A

Juxtapose

57
Q

It is used in preliminary examinations of fired bullets, shells. It is used also in close-up examination of tampered serial number of firearms.

A

Stereoscopic Microscope

58
Q

He is a French scientific instrument maker who invented the first stereoscopic-style Microscope with two eyepieces in 1671.

A

Cherubin d’Orleans (1671)

59
Q

He introduced a novel design that led him to become the forefather of Modern Stereoscope.

A

Honorato S. Greebough (1890)

60
Q

He designed the first successful stereomicroscope. This was introduced in US and was named Cycloptic in 1957.

A

Francis Herbert Wenham (19TH)

61
Q

It is similar with the Comparison Microscope but this equipment is capable of comparing two fired bullets and shells with a large screen.

A

Comparison Projector 6 (CP-6)

62
Q

He was an engineer and a member of the British Army who invented Comparison Projector 6 (CP-6).

A

William Howard Livens

63
Q

It is used in test firing to acquire test shells and bullets for comparison. The same caliber or brand of ammunition should be used and manufactured in the same year.

A

Bullet Recovery Box

64
Q

It is used in determining the width of lands, width of grooves, diameter and twist of fired bullet.

A

Measuring Projector 6 (MP-6)

65
Q

It is used to know the caliber of firearms, bullet and shell. It is used to determine the:
a) Bullet Diameter;
b) Rim diameter;
c) Shell mouth diameter;
d) Bore diameter;
e) Shell Length; and
f) Barrel length.

A

Caliper

66
Q

It is derived from Greek words “Micro” which means small and “Metron” which means to measure. This instrument is used to measure small things and small distances. This is an enhancement of the Vernier Caliper.

A

Micrometer (C-clamp like)

67
Q

He is considered the first inventor of Micrometer.

A

William Gascone

68
Q

He is the inventor of palmer, which is used in measuring handheld objects.

A

Jean Laurent Palmer

69
Q

Palmer was introduced in Spain and was called ___________________.

A

“Tornillo De Palmer”

70
Q

It is used to determine the weight of fired bullet, shots or pellets to know its caliber, type and make of firearm used. Measurements are expressed in Grains or Grams.

A

Analytical or Torsion Balance

71
Q

It is used to determine the bore diameter of firearms or caliber.

A

Taper Gauge

72
Q

It is used in determining the right measurement for wedding, graduation and personalized rings.

A

Ring measurer

73
Q

It is a small instrument used in the examination of the interior surface of barrel. It has tiny Lamp at its end and is being inserted in the barrel to detect irregularities and imperfections, roughness and Scratches.

A

Onoscope

74
Q

It is used to measure the pitch of rifling, which refers to a complete turn (360o) of a bullet inside the barrel. It also measures the angle of twist of rifling, either pistol or revolver barrel.

A

Helixometer

75
Q

It is used to measure the speed the bullet or muzzle velocity of the bullet that is invented by Alfred Lee Loomis in 1918.

A

Chronograph

76
Q

Prior to chronograph, _________________________ was actually invented but not much reliable or accurate.

A

Boulenge Chronograph

77
Q

It is used in marking fired bullets, shells and firearms submitted for examination. It is used only when there is power supply.

A

Electric Gun Marker

78
Q

It is a pointed instrument used to mark:
a) Fired Bullets;
b) Fire Shells;
c) Firearms; and
d) Metallic Fragments.

A

Stylus

79
Q

It is a harder metal than the evidence to be marked. This is used in manually engraving the initials and date.

A

Stylus

80
Q

It is used in orientation or preliminary examination of fired bullets and shells with the use of series of microscopic lenses of different magnifications. This instrument contains a large circular ground glass that is about 14 in where the observation and comparison of the characteristics is done. This can also take photomicrographs.

A

Shadowgraph

81
Q

It is a mechanical trigger Pull trigger tester.

A

Trigger Pull Gauge

82
Q

It is used to handle bullets.

A

Tweezers

83
Q

It is an optical device consisting of a rigid flexible tube with an eyepiece on one end, an objective lens on the other linked together by a relay optical system in between.

A

Borescope

84
Q

It is used to photograph projectile in flight. This enables to determine the speed, position of bullet and shock waves the projectile produces.

A

Wind Funnel

85
Q

Wind Funnel was invented by __________________, an American engineer.

A

Harold Eugene “Doc” Edgerton

86
Q

It is used to drill deep accurate holes.

A

Gun Drills or Deep Hole Drills

87
Q

It refers to the situation where the investigator is supposed to be there in the crime scene.

A

Proper time

88
Q

It refers to the situation where the investigator should be there in the crime scene.

A

Proper place

89
Q

This refers to a typewritten report after a critical study of specimen, physical examination and observation of striations through the bullet comparison microscope. Report writing is a basic activity in a police work, thus for every police action there must be a corresponding report reaction.

A

Ballistics Report

90
Q

It is achieved by conforming to the truth of information which was gained through physical senses applied in investigation

A

Accuracy

91
Q

It is achieved by inclusion of all relevant, pertinent and material information narrating the facts discovered during and in the course of the investigation.

A

Completeness

92
Q

It is achieved by excluding unnecessary details not relevant to the statement of objectives or avoiding repetition of facts from the report, but at the same time achieving completeness by including all relevant, pertinent and essential information surrounding the case.

A

Brevity

93
Q

It is achieved by reporting detailed facts without any additional or deduction.

A

Fairness or Impartiality

94
Q

It refers to front part of the report, written in a style which will clearly presents the relevant facts, and is achieved by arranging the contents of the report in such a way that it is easy to identify any section, part or items if the materials presented and their visual arrangement.

A

Fore or form and Style

95
Q

It represents the number of cases examined and the year the case was examined, e.g., FAID-69-21. FAID refers to office symbol or initial. The number 69 refers to the last case number and 21 refers to the year the case was submitted and examined.

A

Ballistics Report Number

96
Q

At the Regional or Provincial CLO, the _____________________ shall review the report and Chief shall approve the report.

A

Senior Firearm Examiner

97
Q

At NHQ, CLO, ballistics report should be noted by the ______________, and approved by the ________________.

A

Chief of the Unit; Director of NHQ, CLO

FORENSIC 6 - Forensic Ballistics (5 decks)

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