Characteristics and classification of living organisms

Question 1

What is movement?

Answer 1

an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

Question 2

What is respiration?

Answer 2

the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

Question 3

What is sensitivity?

Answer 3

the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment

Question 4

What is growth?

Answer 4

a permanent increase in size and dry mass

Question 5

What is reproduction?

Answer 5

processes that make more of the same kind of organism

Question 6

What is excretion?

Answer 6

removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements

Question 7

What is nutrition?

Answer 7

the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

Question 8

How can organisms be classified?

Answer 8

Organisms can be classified into groups by the features that they share

Question 9

What is a species?

Answer 9

a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 10

What is the binomial system?

Answer 10

system of naming species as an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species

Question 11

Explain how classification systems aim to reflect evolutionary relationships

Answer 11

Scientists use DNA base sequence to help
classify organisms.
The similarity in DNA chains shows how closely related two organisms are

Question 12

What is the sequence of classification:

Answer 12

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 13

What are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 13

Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protoctist
Prokaryote

Question 14

Features of all animal?

Answer 14

Multi cellular
Heterotrophs

Question 15

Features of all plants?

Question 16

Features of all Fungi

Question 17

Features of all protoctists

Question 18

Features of all prokaryotes

Question 19

Features of all mammals

Answer 19

Fur/hair on the skin
External ears (pinna)
Internal fertilisation, giving the birth of young
Mammary glands

Question 20

Features of all reptiles

Answer 20

Thick, dry, scaly skin
Usually 4 legs
Internal fertilisation, birth from egg
Soft eggs

Question 21

Features of all fish

Answer 21

Wet scales
Streamlined body shape
External fertilisation and soft eggs
Uses gills to breathe

Question 22

Features of all amphibians

Answer 22

Smooth, moist skin
External fertilisation and soft eggs
Gills & Lungs can live on land and water
Most have 4 leg

Question 23

Features of all birds

Answer 23

Feathers on body and scales on legs
Constant internal body temperature
Hard eggs
Internal fertilisation, birth through eggs

Question 24

What are the three common features of all arthropods.

Answer 24

Jointed legs
Segmented bodies
Exoskeleton

Question 25

Features of all crustaceans

Answer 25

1 pair of compound eyes 3 body segments – head, thorax, abdomen More than four pairs of legs (10-14 legs)

Question 26

Features of all arachnids

Answer 26

2 body segments – cephalothorax and abdomen Four pairs of legs (8 legs)

Question 27

Features of all myriapods

Answer 27

Segmented body Additional segments formed One pair of antennae 10+ pairs of legs – 1 or 2 pairs on each segment

Question 28

Features of all insects

Answer 28

3 body segments – head, thorax and abdomen 3 pairs of jointed legs (6 legs) 1 pair of antennae 1 or 2 pairs of wings

Question 29

What are plants classified into?

Answer 29

Ferns and flowering plants.

Question 30

Features of ferns

Answer 30

Do not produce flowers/seeds They are plants with roots, stems and feathery leaves Reproduce by spores

Question 31

Features of flowering plants

Answer 31

They are plants with roots, stems and leaves Reproduce sexually by means of flowers and seeds Seeds are produced inside the ovary in the flower

Question 32

Features of Monocotyledons

Answer 32

One cotyledon/One-seed leaf Parallel veins Long Narrow leaf 3 Flower Parts Scattered Vascular Bundle

Question 33

Features of Dicotyledons

Answer 33

Two cotyledons/Two-seed leaf Branching veins Broad leaves 4 or 5 Flower Parts Ringed Vascular Bundles

Question 34

Features of Viruses

Answer 34

Virus structure contains only a genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protein coat.