CHARITSM

Question 1

what was chartism

Answer 1

• ## a WC movement for political reform

Question 2

when was chartism

Answer 2

1838-57

Question 3

what was the 6 points on the peoples charter

Answer 3

• voting should be by secret ballot
  -no property qualifications for mps
  -payment of mps
  -annual parliaments
• universal suffrage for all men
• each parliament constituency should have roughly the same number of voters

Question 4

when was the secret ballot act achieved

Answer 4

1872

Question 5

when was the property mp qualifications achieved

Answer 5

1858

Question 6

when was payment for mps achieved

Answer 6

1911

Question 7

when was the vote for all adult males achieved

Answer 7

1918

Question 8

what association was formed In 1836 that heralded the beginnings of the chartist movement

Answer 8

• Londons mens working association

Question 9

who founded the London mens working association

Answer 9

• William lovvetth

Question 10

how many signatures did the 1st petition have and when did it get presented

Answer 10

• 1839
  -1.2 milly

Question 11

2nd petition number of votes and when

Answer 11

-1842
-3.5 Milly

Question 12

how much did the 2nd petition get rejected by

Answer 12

-rejected by a larger Margin of 43

Question 13

3rd petition number of votes and when

Answer 13

• 1848
  -6 milly
  -gov was scared of the reemergence ocf chartism due to revolutions abroad

Question 14

on what grounds did the 3rd petition get rejected

Answer 14

• gov claimed over half of the 6 milly signatures were fake

Question 15

CAUSES OF CHARTISM: GREAT reform act 1832

Answer 15

• although the wc joined the mc to demand reform of the political system
• the wc did not benefit from the act

Question 16

CAUSES OF CHARTIS: factory act 1833

Answer 16

• many wc people hoped the act would improve conditions for all, especially adults
• It only addressed children and didn’t tackle low wages, long hours for adults

Question 17

CAUSES OF CHARTISM: Hunger politics

Answer 17

• forcing people to make change or act in order for change due to economic hardship or civil unrest

Question 18

LEADERSHIP WITHIN CHARTISM: Feargus o Conner

Answer 18

• physical force chartist
  -advocate of the land plan

Question 19

what did the land plan do

Answer 19

• to give land to wc families in rural areas so they could meet the enfranchisement qualifications

Question 20

what newspaper did feargus o Conner set up which acted as a voice piece of the chartist movement

Answer 20

• northern star

Question 21

what type of chartist was George harney

Answer 21

physical force

Question 22

what did George harney believe in

Answer 22

• committed to a revolutionary overthrow of the traditional system
• converted to marxism

Question 23

what type of chartist was William Lovett

Answer 23

• moral force

Question 24

William lovetts role within charitism

Answer 24

• drafted up the 1838 petition
  -founded the Londons mens working association

Question 25

what were the 2 different types of chartists

Answer 25

- physical and moral

Question 26

what is the moral approach

Answer 26

- men like William Lovett and Thomas Atwood were for this approach -consisted of using peaceful methods EG pamphlets and petitions to get their message across

Question 27

what was the benefits of the moral approach

Answer 27

-they believed these peaceful methods would mean parliament would be more likely to listen to them as they were more respectable unlike violence + didn't want to promote the stereotype that the wc was brutish and violent

Question 28

what was the physical force approach

Answer 28

- preferred by feargus and George harney -consisted of general strikes and even armed revolution if the gov didn't listen

Question 29

CHARTIST MEMBERSHIP

Answer 29

- the membership was very broad as the principles of their charter attracted a range of individuals - however the majority was WC skilled workers from declining industries looking for protection

Question 30

why was the movement hard to ignore

Answer 30

- the range of opinion it garnered generated a truly mass movement that was difficult to ignore

Question 31

key events of chartism: Newport rising 1839

Answer 31

- armed rising of 5k miners (physical force) in S Wales in protest at failure of first petiton + working condition in the pits

Question 32

results of the Newport rising 1839

Answer 32

- 10 dead and 500 imprisoned - temporarily paralysing chartism - showed physical force didn't work

Question 33

REASONS FOR FAILURE: hunger politics

Answer 33

- the movement saw levels of active support alongside economic fortunes -that why the movement was popular among wc as they suffered the move during times of hardship

Question 33

key event: Kensington common rally 1848

Answer 33

- huge rally 20k people before the presentation of the 3rd petition -declared illegal and 150k rozzers deployed

Question 34

REASONS FOR FAILURE: LACKED EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP

Answer 34

- Charismatic leaders EG feargus O Conner were able to attract support but unable to maintain a definitive approach ( EG moral vs physical) - the use of physical force put off many MC supporters ( no mass support) - generally unorganised and lacked cohesiveness

Question 35

REASONS FOR FAILURE: AMBITION

Answer 35

- In period where gov had only just reluctantly given the vote to a modest number of respectable members of society - to enfranchise every man was unrealistic - aims were too broad ( 1 policy politics )

Question 36

REASONS FOR FAILURE: GOV RESPONE

Answer 36

- Gov was very determined to prevent any challenge to status quo - harsh improsnment sentences ( 2 years paralysing the moment ) - declining petitions - railway network aloud for swift deployment of soldiers and shut down of rallies

Question 37

how much railway was there in 1842

Answer 37

2k miles