Charper 3 levels of organization

Question 1

levels of organization

Answer 1

Cell, Tissue, Organs, Organ systems, and Organisms

Question 2

Cells

Answer 2

are the structural unit that forms all body tissues.

*the wal is composed of lipids and proteins to allow substances to exit or enter.

Question 3

cell structure

Answer 3

cytoplasm, mitichondria, lysosome, centrioles, nucleus, nuclear envelope, rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgiaparatus.

Question 4

Tissue levels

Answer 4

*gorup of cells found in the body, Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, & muscle

Question 5

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 5

• Functions as protection, absorption, & seecretion.
• Forms the epidermis (top layer) single layer(simple), Several layers (stratefied)
• shapes- squamous (flat, Cubodial (cube), Columnar (SYlindrical).

Question 6

Connective Tissue

Answer 6

Cells that form various consistencies to connect & support other body tissues

• cartilage
• edipose
• bone
• blood

Question 7

Nervous tissue

Answer 7

Composed of cells called Neurones. They transmit nerve impulses by a chemical called neurotransmitters.

• compose the brain
• spinal cord
• nerves of the whole body
• controls muscles, glands, homeostasis, and mental activity.

Question 8

Muscle tissue

Answer 8

composed of cells called contractile fibers.as muscle cell relaxes or contracts it shorteness or lenghtness

• helps movement
• heart beat
• Organ functions
• maintains blood pressure

Question 9

Organs

Answer 9

made up of 2 or more tissues that perform specialized functions

Question 10

organ systems

Answer 10

many organs and structures work together as organ systems

*The heart acts as a pump along with a network of arteries, veins, and capillaries, creating the cardio vascular system.

Question 11

anatomical position

Answer 11

Pt stands up right with arms at the sides, palms facing forward, legs are straight and toes pointing forward

Question 12

mid line

Answer 12

• often used as a point of reference

* imaginary line runs from head to feet and through the umbilicus it divides the body into a right and left halves

Question 13

axial

Answer 13

includes the head, neck and trunk

Question 14

appendicular

Answer 14

includes the arms (upper extremities), and legs (lower extremities).

Question 15

directional terms

Answer 15

• from mid line and out = lateral
• outside towards the mid line = medial
• Line up = superior
• line pointing down = inferior
• The elbow is proximal to the shoulder
• The elbow is distal from the wrist

Question 16

Sagittal plane

Answer 16

Runs vertically from front to back, dividing the body into a left and rigjt halves

Question 17

frontal plane

Answer 17

• also known as the coronal plane

* runs vertically from left to right, dividing the body into a front and back portions

Question 18

transverse planes

Answer 18

• also known as the horizontal plane

* Divides the body into a lower and upper portion

Question 19

elbow extension

Answer 19

hand down

Question 20

elbow flexion

Answer 20

arm up half way like lifting a weight

Question 21

shoulder abduction

Answer 21

arm extended at shoulder level

Question 22

shoulder adduction

Answer 22

brings arm down to anatomical possition

Question 23

shoulder horizontal abduction

Answer 23

arm extended at shoulder level and moving it back

Question 24

shoulder horizontal adduction

Answer 24

arm extended at shoulder level, moving it forward

Question 25

scapula retraction

Answer 25

elbow to the back (preparing to punch some one on the face)

Question 26

Scapula protaction

Answer 26

arn and elbow extended forward throwing a punch

Question 27

dorsal cavity

Answer 27

* located on the posterior and back part of the body. | * contains the cranial and vertebral

Question 28

cranial cavity

Answer 28

contains the brain

Question 29

vertebral cavity

Answer 29

contains the spinal column

Question 30

ventral cavity

Answer 30

located on the anterior or front side of the body | *contains the thorax and the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 31

thorasic caavity

Answer 31

contains the lungs, heart, great vessels, trachea and thymus

Question 32

abdominal cavity

Answer 32

contains the stomach, pancreas, liver, galbladder, larg and small intestines

Question 33

*retroperotoneal space

Answer 33

contains the kidneys at the back of the abdomen and lateral to the spinal column

Question 34

pelvic cavity

Answer 34

contains the sigmoid colon, rectum,and bladder,. | *in females- the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries

Question 35

the four quadrant system

Answer 35

divides into 4 equal sections * right upper quadrant * left upper quadrant * right lower quadrant * left lower quadrant

Question 36

the 9 regions system

Answer 36

divides the cavity in 9 parts for communication and documentation * left and right hypochondriac * epigastric top middle * right and left lumbar * umbilical region * left and right iliac * hypogastric region lower middle

Question 37

abd

Answer 37

abduction

Question 38

ant

Answer 38

anterior

Question 39

AP

Answer 39

anteposterior

Question 40

flex

Answer 40

flexion

Question 41

L

Answer 41

left

Question 42

lat

Answer 42

lateral

Question 43

LE

Answer 43

lower extremities ( legs)

Question 44

LLQ

Answer 44

left lower quadrant

Question 45

RLQ

Answer 45

right lower quadrant

Question 46

add

Answer 46

dduction

Question 47

post

Answer 47

posterior

Question 48

PA

Answer 48

posteroanterior

Question 49

ext

Answer 49

extension

Question 50

R

Answer 50

right

Question 51

med

Answer 51

medical

Question 52

UE

Answer 52

upper extremities

Question 53

LUQ

Answer 53

left upper quadrant

Question 54

RUQ

Answer 54

right upper quadranr