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Nursing II Exam 3 > Chart > Flashcards

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(45 cards)

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1
Q

2nd Generation Sulfonylureas Examples

A

Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Glyburide (Glynase)
Glimepiride (Amaryl)

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2
Q

2nd Generation Sulfonylureas Action

A

Works to increase output of insulin by beta cells in pancreas

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3
Q

2nd Generation Sulfonylureas Nursing Implications

A
  • Best taken 30 min prior to meal
  • Main potential side effects: hypoglycemia with delayed or skipped meals or alcohol
  • Use cautiously in elderly
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4
Q

Metformin Classification

A

Biguanide

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5
Q

Insulin Nursing Implications

A
  • Monitor blood sugar level

- When mixing, draw rapid acting first (clear before cloudy)

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6
Q

Very Rapid Acting Insulin (examples & nursing implication)

A

Lispro (Humalog)
Aspart (Novalog)
-Clear solution
-Give 15 before meal

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7
Q

Very rapid acting insulin onset, peak, duration

A
  • Onset: 10 min
  • Peak: 1 hr
  • Lasts: 3-4 hrs
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8
Q

Short (rapid) acting insulin (example & nursing imp)

A

Regular (R) insulin

  • Clear solution
  • Give 30 min before meal
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9
Q

Short (rapid) acting insulin onset, peak, duration

A
  • Onset: 30 min
  • Peak: 3-5 hr
  • Lasts: 6-10 hrs
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10
Q

Intermediate acting insulin (examples and nursing imp)

A

NPH insulin
Lente
-Cloudy solution
-Rotate prior to use

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11
Q

Glargine (Lantus)

A
  • LONG ACTING
  • Clear solution
  • Do NOT mix with others
  • Onset: 1 hr
  • NO peak
  • Lasts: 24 hrs
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12
Q

Detemir (Levemir)

A
  • LONG ACTING
  • Clear solution
  • Do NOT mix with others
  • Onset: 3-4 hrs
  • NO peak
  • Lasts: 24 hrs
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13
Q

Metformin (Glucophage) Action

A
  • Decrease liver output of sugar

- Increase peripheral insulin sensitivity

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14
Q

Metformin (Glucophage) Nursing Imp.

A
  • Kidney surveillance testing required (monitor creat)
  • Contraindications: CHF, alcohol abuse, metabolic acidosis, liver or kidney disease, or > 80 yrs old
  • Side effects: GI distress, diarrhea, lactic acidosis
  • Take WITH food
  • Discontinue after OR, dye (contrast) studies for 48 hrs or until kidney function normal
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15
Q

Anytime Plasma Glucose Level

A
  • Screen for diabetes

- Normal: < 200 mg/dL

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16
Q

Anytime Plasma Glucose Level (interpretation)

A
  • Increased in: diabetes, acute stress reaction, severe liver disease, pancreatitis, severe renal disease
  • Decreased in: hypoglycemia, excessive insulin, cancer, malnutrition, alcohol use, liver disease
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17
Q

Anytime Plasma Glucose Level (nursing imp)

A
  • Assess nutritional status
  • Encourage proper body weight
  • Monitor blood glucose
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18
Q

Fasting plasma glucose level

A
  • Screen for diabetes

- Normal: 70-100 mg/dL

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19
Q

Fasting Plasma Glucose Level (interpretation)

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A

100-126 mg/dL indicates prediabetes

> 126 mg/dL indicates diabetes

20
Q

Oral glucose test

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A

-Screen for diabetes
-Normal: < 200 mg/dL
> 200 mg/dL indicates diabetes

21
Q

Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

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A
  • Assess long-term glucose control (2-3 months)
  • Normal: < 6.0% (decreasing)
  • Increased in poorly controlled or uncontrolled diabetes
22
Q

Liver Function Tests

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A
  • ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin
  • Assess liver function and damage
  • Increased in hepatitis, liver disease, cancers, CHF
23
Q

Hepatitis A antibody, Hepatitis B antigen & antibody, Hepatitis C antibody, Hepatitis D antibody

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A
  • Assess for Hepatitis A, B, C, D

- Positive results indicates hepatitis infection

24
Q

Thyroid antibodies lab (indications & interpretation)

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A
  • Assist in diagnosis of Grave’s disease

- Increased in chronic thyroiditis, Grave’s disease, pernicious anemia, RA

25
Thyroid hormones: T3 and T4 (Indication)
- Evaluate hypo or hyper-thyroidism | - Monitor response to therapy
26
Thyroid hormones: T3 and T4 (interpretation)
- Increased in hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, excessive intake of iodine, hepatitis - Decreased in hypothyroidism
27
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) indication
-Diagnosis of hypo- or hyper-thyroidism
28
TSH interpretation
- Increased in: primary hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone resistance, thyroiditis - Decreased in: excessive thyroid hormone replacement, Grave's disease, primary hyperthyroidism, secondary hypothyroidism
29
Radioactive Iodine (RAI) Uptake Test (indication)
- Evaluate hyper- or hypo-thyroidism - Evaluate thyroiditis, goiter, or pituitary failure - Monitor response to therapy for thyroid disease
30
RAI Uptake Test (interpretation)
- Abnormal findings in decreased iodine intake or increased iodine excretion, Grave's disease, iodine-deficient goiter - Increased uptake in hyperthyroidism - Decrease uptake in hypothyroidism
31
Albumin Lab (indication)
- Assess nutritional status - Evaluate chronic illness - Evaluate liver disease
32
Albumin (normal)
3.4-4.8 g/dL
33
Albumin (interpretation)
- Increased in dehydration | - Decreased in: malnutrition, liver disease, inflammation, increased blood volume, increased loss (burns, hemorrhage)
34
Albumin Lab (nursing imp)
- Assess nutritional status - Monitor for edema when levels are low - Assess tissue integrity and prevent skin breakdown - Encourage protein intake
35
Prealbumin Lab (indication)
- Evaluate nutritional status | - Monitor parenteral nutrition
36
Prealbumin (normal)
12-42 mg/dL
37
Prealbumin (interpretation)
- Increased in: alcoholism, chronic renal failure, pts receiving steroids - Decreased in: malnutrition, tissue necrosis, liver disease, acute phase inflammatory responses, chronic illness
38
Antithyroid Agent
Methimazol (Tapazole)
39
Methimazol (Tapazole) Action
-Antithyroid agent: inhibits synthesis or thyroid hormones
40
Methimazol (Tapazole) nursing imp.
- Monitor thyroid function and hepatic function | - Take with meals
41
Thyroid supplement
Levothyroixine (Synthroid)
42
Levothyroxine (Synthroid) Action
Synthetic thyroid hormone
43
Levothyroxine (nursing imp)
- Give on EMPTY stomach, 1/2-1 hr before breakfast | - Monitor thyroid function
44
Liver function tests (nursing imp)
- Encourage proper diet | - Encourage vaccination as appropriate
45
Hepatitis Labs (nursing imp)
- Encourage prevention of transmission | - Eliminate alcohol ingestion

Nursing II Exam 3 (5 decks)

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