Chater 8

Question 1

Double helix DNA molecule winds around protein called

Answer 1

Histones

Question 2

Histones

Answer 2

(H1, H2a,H2 , H3, H4)

Question 3

Eight of these histones group together to form a unit called

Answer 3

Nucleosome

Question 4

These nucleosome then wind in a helical fashion to form a coil called

Answer 4

Selenoid

Question 5

The coil wraps even further to form

Answer 5

Supercoils

Question 6

These supercoils form a fiber of DNA- protein called

Answer 6

Chromatin

Question 7

these chromatins condenses even further called

Answer 7

Chromosome

Question 8

detects the placement of nucleosomes

Answer 8

NUCLEASes

Question 9

enzymes that cut the double helix in the linker
region (the part of the double helix that is exposed
between histones)

Answer 9

Nucleases

Question 10

associated with histone HI

Answer 10

30- micron- fiber

Question 11

first classic indicator of apoptosis

Answer 11

30- micron- fiber

Question 12

state of the compaction of the DNA double heliX

Answer 12

CHROMOSOME TOPOLOGY

Question 13

Closed Chromatin

Answer 13

Heterochromatin:

Question 14

open chromatin

Answer 14

Euchromatin

Question 15

distinguisned historically by their relative size
and centromere placement.

Answer 15

CHROMOSOME MORPHOLOGY

Question 16

distinguisned historically by their relative size
and centromere placement.

Answer 16

CENTROMERE

Question 17

is the site of attachment of the chromosome to the spindl apparatus.

Answer 17

CENTROMERE

Question 18

 the connection made between microtubules of the splindle and a protein complex.

Answer 18

KINETOCHORE

Question 19

Long arm

Answer 19

q

Question 20

Short arm

Answer 20

p

Question 21

CYTOLOGICAL STAINS

Answer 21

Feurgen’s, wrights, Hematoxylin

Question 22

used to visualize chromosome.

Answer 22

Cytological stains

Question 23

can react with specific chromosome regions.

Answer 23

FLUORESCENT DYES and CHEMICAL DYES

Question 24

results in the formation of band patterns where
portions of the chromosome accept or reject the stain.

Answer 24

FLuORESCENT DYES and CHEMICAL DYES

Question 25

stained with Fluorescent dyes such as Quinacrine and Quinacrine mustard

Answer 25

Q BANDING

Question 26

gives an intense staining of the human y chromosome affects gene activity requires fluorescent microscope

Answer 26

Q banding

Question 27

Stained with chemical due, Giemsa Stain

Answer 27

G banding

Question 28

Mild treatment for G banding

Answer 28

2x standard saline citrate for 60 minutes at 68 c

Question 29

To extract or denature proteins before Giemsa staining was found to map abbrerations and most commonly used staining method

Answer 29

Trypsin or orther Proteolytic agents

Question 30

Feulgen staining after treatment w/ DNase I.

Answer 30

G banding

Question 31

centromere Staining is ABSENT.

Answer 31

G banding

Question 32

results from deletion of genetic regions from both ends of the chromosome and a joining of the ends to form ring.

Answer 32

RING CHROMOSOME

Question 33

abnormal chromosome consisting of translocated or otherwise rearranged paris from two or more unidentified chromosomes pined to a normal chromosome.

Answer 33

DERIVATIVE CHROMOSOME

Question 34

normal female karyotype

Answer 34

46,XX

Question 35

Normal male karyotype

Answer 35

46,XY

Question 36

results from extra chromosome 21

Answer 36

Down’s syndrome

Question 37

caused by an extra X Chromosome in males (i.e. 47, xxy)

Answer 37

Klinefelters syndrome

Question 38

widely used method to detect protein, RNA as well as DNA Structures in place in the cell or in situ.

Answer 38

INTERPHASE FISH

Question 39

Growth of cells in culture is not required.

Answer 39

Interphase FISH

Question 40

enhanced by the development of fluorescent probes that bind to metaphase chromosomol regions or to whole chromosomes

Answer 40

METAPHASE FISH

Question 41

Probes that cover the entire chromosome or whole chromosome paints, are valueble for detecting small rearrangements that are not apparent by regular chromosome banding

Answer 41

METAPHASE FISH