CHD Flashcards
What is a noncommunicable disease?
non-noninfectious and non transmissible among people
kills 36 million people each year
Factors that increase affluence of NCD?
gaming, ease of transport, junk food, disposable income (stationary), office work
Global prevalence of CHD?
7.5 million deaths annually- leading cause of death
What is a heart attack?
blood vessels supply heart muscles oxygen are blocked, starving it of oxygen, heart muscle failure or death
3 links of CHD to physical environment?
Air Quality- industrialization pollutants, increase risk (no evidence in rural areas for lower risk
Climate- lower temps and average hours of sunshine= higher risk as cold and damp has negative impact on cadiorespiratory system
Relief and topography- only that relief=more physical effort= threat to those with underlying issues
How harmful substances affects CHD risk?
alcohol use, tobacco use (60% increase of risk for smokers)
Impact of high blood pressure and cholesterol?
BP= 22% in western Europe due to hypertension Chol= 45% in western Europe from abnormal blood lipids
3 social factors impacting CHD?
positive correlation of deprivation and CHD deaths
ethnicity- south Asian moving to developed countries- deprivation
Family history- 1st degree relatives have double the risk
Nutrition and healthy lifestyle factors influencing CHD?
poor nutrition= saturated fats, sugar, complex carbs
obesity- high cholesterol, high blood pressure
20% CHD due to inactivity
How diabetes impacts CHD?
men with type 2- 2-4x greater risk
women- 3-5x
Where does CHD occur?
decreasing in more developed countries (positive changes), increasing in developing countries due to lifestyle changes
Why is urbanization associated with CHD risk?
children second hand smoke, tobacco, processed sugary food, sedentary, pollution, unhealthy marketing, crowded, poor facilities
2 unique impacts of CHD
cost £19 billion on UK economy
The WHO states the incidence could be halved by using a combination of drugs costing US $14/year/patient
Name 4 CHD management schemes
Change 4 life- 2009- targeted 5-11 at risk- £10 billion
The WHO-2010- school activities- exercise, promote healthy diet, medical activities- 120 countries took part
2007 smoking ban in UK
New Zealand CHD prevention strategy
lower salt levels in food- reformulate
