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Chemistry > CHE128 Chapter 3 > Flashcards

CHE128 Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Is matter created or destroyed in a chemical reaction?

A

Neither - The Law of Conservation of Mass states that.

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2
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

A

Matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.

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3
Q

Say 58g of butane reacts with 208g of oxygen to form 176g of carbon and X g of water. How much is X?

A

90g. 58g+208g = 266g; 176g+X=266g.

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4
Q

What do we call the capacity to do work?

A

Energy

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5
Q

How is Work defined?

A

The result of a force acting on a distance.

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6
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

A

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

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7
Q

What are the two types of energy?

A

Potential and Kinetic energy

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8
Q

What is Kinetic Energy?

A

The energy associated with motion

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9
Q

What is the energy associated with motion called?

A

Kinetic energy

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10
Q

What is Potential Energy?

A

The energy associated with position or composition.

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11
Q

What is the energy associated with position or composition called?

A

Potential energy

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12
Q

What is Electrical energy?

A

The energy associated with the flow of electrical charge.

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13
Q

What is Thermal energy?

A

The energy associated with the random motions of atoms and molecules in matter.

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14
Q

What is Chemical energy?

A

A form of potential energy associated with the positions of the particles that compose a chemical system.

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15
Q

What is the SI unit of energy?

A

Joule (J)

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16
Q

What is the difference between a cal and a Cal?

A

1000 cal = 1 Cal.

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17
Q

What are the three commonly used units of energy?

A

Joule (J), cal and Cal, and Kilowatt-hour (kWh)

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18
Q

How many joules are in 1 calorie (cal)?

A

4.184 joules (J)

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19
Q

How many calories (cal) are in a Calorie (Cal)?

A

1000

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20
Q

Systems with High potential energy tend to be stable or unstable?

A

unstable

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21
Q

Describe an Exothermic reaction.

A

Reactants at a high energy level release their energy, moving to a lower energy state.

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22
Q

In what type of reaction is energy released?

A

Exothermic

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23
Q

Describe an Endothermic reaction.

A

Reactants at a low energy level absorb energy, moving to a higher energy state.

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24
Q

In what type of reaction is energy absorbed?

A

Endothermic

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25
Q

Ice melting - Exothermic or Endothermic?

A

Endothermic; the ice is absorbing energy.

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26
Q

Wood burning - Exothermic or Endothermic?

A

Exothermic; the wood is releasing energy.

27
Q

What is Temperature a measure of?

A

thermal energy.

28
Q

Why does a hotter object have a higher temperature?

A

Because the random motions of its atoms and molecules are faster.

29
Q

What is heat?

A

Heat (which has units of energy), is the transfer or exchange of thermal energy caused by a temperature distance.

30
Q

What are the 3 common scales used for temperature?

A

Fahrenheit (ºF), Celcius, (ºC), and Kelvin (K)

31
Q

Where does water freeze in ºF?

A

32 ºF

32
Q

Where does water boil in ºF?

A

212 ºF

33
Q

What is room temperature in ºF?

A

72 ºF

34
Q

Where does water freeze in ºC?

A

0 ºC

35
Q

Where does water boil in ºC?

A

100 ºC

36
Q

What is room temperature in ºC?

A

22 ºC

37
Q

What does 0 Kelvin represent?

A

absolute zero - the coldest temperature possible.

38
Q

How can we convert between K and ºC?

A

K = ºC + 273.15

39
Q

How can we convert between ºC and ºF?

A

ºC = (ºF - 32) / 1.8

40
Q

What is Heat capacity?

A

The quantity of heat required to change the temperature of a given substance by 1 ºC

41
Q

In what units is specific heat capacity typically expressed?

A

J/g ºC

42
Q

What is the specific heat capacity of water?

A

4.184 J/g ºC

43
Q

What equation relates Heat, Mass, Specific heat capacity, and Temperature change?

A

q = m X C X ∆T (the mCAT formula)

44
Q

What are the 3 states of matter?

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

45
Q

What are the two forms of solid matter?

A

Amorphous (a blob) or crystalline (organized structure)

46
Q

Elements and compounds are the two types of what?

A

Pure matter

47
Q

A mixture with the same composition throughout is called?

A

Homogeneous

48
Q

A mixture with a composition that varies throughout is called?

A

Heterogeneous

49
Q

Properties of matter that do not involve a change in composition are called?

A

Physical properties

50
Q

Properties or matter that involve a change in composition are called?

A

Chemical properties

51
Q

Define physical change.

A

Appearance of matter may change, but composition does not.

52
Q

Define chemical change.

A

Composition of matter changes.

53
Q

Physical or Chemical property: Color

A

Physical

54
Q

Physical or Chemical property: Smell

A

Physical

55
Q

Physical or Chemical property: freezing point

A

Physical

56
Q

Physical or Chemical property: boiling point

A

Physical

57
Q

Physical or Chemical property: melting point

A

Physical

58
Q

Physical or Chemical property: heat of combustion

A

Chemical

59
Q

Physical or Chemical property: pH

A

Chemical

60
Q

Physical or Chemical change: burning wood

A

Chemical

61
Q

Physical or Chemical change: digesting food

A

Chemical

62
Q

Physical or Chemical change: melting an ice cube

A

Physical

63
Q

Physical or Chemical change: breaking glass

A

Physical

Chemistry (3 decks)

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