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Module 4 TUD > Cheat Sheet > Flashcards

Cheat Sheet Flashcards

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1
Q

When instrument would you use in order to test a semiconductor?

A

An Ohmmeter

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2
Q

When displayed on a diagram, a PNP transistor is shown how?

A

The arrow on the emitter points in.

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3
Q

What is an advantage of using a full wave rectifier?

A

All of the wave is used, the voltage is constant and stable.

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4
Q

What are the most common materials used to create semiconductors?

A

Silicon and Germanium

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5
Q

What is an extrinsic semiconductor?

A

When impurities are added to an intrinsic type material in order to make it more conductive.
This is known as doping.

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6
Q

Which type of rectifying circuit converts both positive and negative cycles?

A

A full wave rectifier.

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7
Q

N type materials are doped with…?

A

Pentavalent materials (Penta =5)

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8
Q

P type materials are doped with…?

A

Trivalent materials (tri-3)

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9
Q

What are the majority carriers in an N type material?

A

Electrons

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10
Q

What are the majority carriers in an P type material?

A

Holes

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11
Q

What does a bridge rectifier do?

A

Utilises the full wave of an input voltage to supply power to a load.

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12
Q

Operational amplifiers are generally used in?

A

Closed loop operations as they are more stable with negative feedback

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13
Q

What must you do if you want check a diode in a circuit?

A

You must remove it from the circuit.

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14
Q

What type of diode is used in a relay coil for protection?

A

Flywheel diode

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15
Q

An opto-coupler involves..?

A

An LED or photocell.
opto=light

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16
Q

What are the operating characteristics of a varistor?

A

Varistors are voltage dependant.
As voltage increases, resistance decreases.

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17
Q

When connecting a NPN transistor in a forward bias state, you…?

A

Connect the negative side to the emitter

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18
Q

How do you switch off a thyristor?

A

Reduce the voltage across the anode and cathode to zero

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19
Q

What are the defining characteristics of a varactor diode?

A

Used in reverse bias, depletion layer acts as capacitor

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20
Q

When using a diode to regulate current, you must….?

A

require a resistor in series to prevent overheat

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21
Q

A Zener diode is operating with a supply voltage of 15V and has a power rating of 1W. What is the current flowing through the Zener diode?

A

66mAmps

P=IV

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22
Q

What would be the resultant voltage drop across 2 silicon diodes in series?

A

1.4V

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23
Q

What causes an LED to emit light?

A

Electrons and holes “recombine” creating energy, causing light

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24
Q

In what application are zener diodes used?

A

Zener diodes are used for voltage regulation.
Reverse bias.

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25
If you connect a positive voltage on the P material of a diode, it is?
Forward biased
26
What effect does a temperature increase have on a transistor?
Decreased Base-Emitter Voltage (V_BE) – The voltage required to turn the transistor on drops
27
In a PNP transistor, the Base-Emitter voltage is 0.7v & Volts Collector-Base is 0.5v. What is the state of the transistor?
Transistor is saturated ## Footnote In a PNP transistor, the base must be more negative than the emitter for normal operation.
28
How do you switch off a Silicon Controlled Rectifier?
Remove voltage from the anode/cathode.
29
How do you switch off a Silicon Controlled Rectifier?
The current falls below the holding value.
30
How do you switch off a Silicon Controlled Rectifier?
Put it in reverse bias, Positive to cathode, negative to anode.
31
An amplifier changes...
Small frequencies to high frequencies
32
How would you connect a transistor in order for it to conduct? DEPENDS ONTYPE
Connect the emitter-base for it to be FWD bias, Connect collector-base for it to be reverse bias
33
A bipolar transistor is called?
A BJT, two pn junctions.
34
What are the advantages of a FET?
They use let power
35
What are the advantages of IC's over transistors?
More complex, less power consumption.
36
In a NPN BJT, Emitter current =
Collector current + Base current | Ie=Ic+Ib
37
An operation amplifier has...?
A very high input impedance.
38
How can you calculate an operational amplifiers voltage gain?
Feedback÷input - 180°
39
The input impedance on an op-amp is...?
High
40
An operational amplifier has...?
Infinite gain.
41
What are the two main types of IC's?
Linear and digital
42
If the emitter-base voltage change is small, but the emitter-collector voltage change is large, you have a..?
Amplifier
43
If a transistor has a low forward and reverse resistance between the base and the emitter, what is the issue?
The base-emitter is shorted.
44
A linear circuit output is..?
Proportional to its input.
45
What would cause an op-amp to have 0 output voltages?
If they two inputs have the same amplitude and frequency.
46
An op-amp cannot do..?
Binary operations
47
Op-amps characteristics....
High impedance input, Low impedance output. Gain
48
What types of soldering is used on a PCB?
Hand and mass soldering
49
How do you connect multi-layer PCB's?
Plated through holes
50
What is used to prevent servo overshoot?
Velocity feedback.
51
A servo mechanism can be..?
AC or DC
52
The rotor of a Desynn receiver features a..?
Permanent magent
53
What PSU is needed for a torque synchro?
26v AC
54
A torque differential synchro has..? (Rotor/stator)
3 rotors, 3 stators
55
What happens if you swap 2 leads on a synchro?
It rotates in the opposite direction
56
In a torque synchro, power is connected to..?
The Transmitter & Reciever
57
A simple explanation of what a differential transmitter synchro is used for is...
Addition and subtraction
58
A closed loop system requires..?
Feedback
59
Identify this circuit diagram
Full wave diode bridge rectifier
60
An SCR's gate is controlled by?
Voltage
61
Most popular types of FET'S
Mosfet and JFET
62
Gain on an op-amp is...?
Very high- infinity
63
An inverting op-amp output will give..?
A 180 degree shift.
64
A resolver converts...?
Voltages between cartesian & polar vice versa
65
Composition is to convert from..?
Cartesian to polar
66
Resolution is to convert from..?
Polar to cartesian
67
Resolvers have..? (Rotors/stators)
2 rotors, 2 stators
68
For resolution, what winding is shorted?
One stator is shorted as its not needed/
69
PCB's are made from what material?
A thin flexible insulator and a layer of copper foil (Polyester and Epoxy glass fibre)
70
In normal operation, an operational amplifier requires...?
A negative feedback loop
71
What is the main difference between a synchro and a servo mechanism?
A synchro transmits angular position, while a servo mechanism actively controls position using feedback.
72
VSLI how how many transistors?
20,000-100,000
73
ULSI how many transistors?
100,000 up
74
A FET type transistor is used for?
Voltage control

Module 4 TUD (1 decks)

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