checklist Flashcards
(27 cards)
Describe the arrangement, movement and the relative energy of particles in a solid
Particles are closely packed, vibrating in fixed positions, and have low energy.
Describe the arrangement, movement and the relative energy of particles in a liquid
Particles are close together but can slide past each other, having moderate energy.
Describe the arrangement, movement and the relative energy of particles in a gas
Particles are far apart, moving freely and quickly, with high energy.
What are the names used for the interconversions between the three states of matter?
Melting, freezing, condensation, evaporation, and sublimation.
What type of changes are the interconversions between the three states of matter?
Physical changes.
Explain the changes in arrangement, movement and energy of particles during melting.
Particles gain energy, move apart, and change from a fixed arrangement to a more fluid one.
Explain the changes in arrangement, movement and energy of particles during freezing.
Particles lose energy, come closer together, and arrange into a fixed structure.
Explain the changes in arrangement, movement and energy of particles during evaporation.
Particles gain energy, move faster, and escape from the surface of a liquid.
Explain the changes in arrangement, movement and energy of particles during condensation.
Particles lose energy, move closer together, and slow down to form a liquid.
Explain the changes in arrangement, movement and energy of particles during sublimation.
Particles gain energy directly from solid to gas, moving apart without becoming liquid.
What is the physical state of a substance under specified conditions?
It can be predicted based on temperature and pressure data.
What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?
A pure substance has a constant composition and distinct properties; a mixture contains two or more substances combined.
How can melting point data distinguish between pure substances and mixtures?
Pure substances have a sharp melting point, while mixtures melt over a range of temperatures.
What are the experimental techniques for separation of mixtures?
Filtration, crystallisation, distillation, and chromatography.
Describe the technique of paper chromatography.
Separation of mixtures of soluble substances by running a solvent through the mixture on paper.
What is the mobile phase in paper chromatography?
The solvent.
What is the stationary phase in paper chromatography?
The paper.
How can a paper chromatogram be interpreted to distinguish between pure and impure substances?
Pure substances show one spot; impure substances show multiple spots.
What is one method to identify substances using paper chromatography?
Comparison with known substances.
How can substances be identified by calculation in paper chromatography?
By using Rf values.
What is an application of paper chromatography?
Investigating the composition of inks.
What are the methods for separating mixtures by distillation?
Simple distillation and fractional distillation.
What is one way to make waste and ground water potable?
By sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination.
How can sea water be made potable?
By using distillation.
