Checklist Term 1

Question 1

What is the basic structure of an atom?

Answer 1

A nucleus in the middle is filled with protons and neutrons, and outside that there are shells consisting of electrons.

Question 2

What is an electron?

Answer 2

A negatively charged particle that circles the nucleus in an electron shell.

Question 3

What is a proton?

Answer 3

A positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus.

Question 4

What is a neutron?

Answer 4

A neutral charged particle that resides in the nucleus.

Question 5

What is the nucleus?

Answer 5

A structure at the center of the atom that holds protons and neutrons.

Question 6

What are electron shells?

Answer 6

Invisible lines which electrons follow around the nucleus.

Question 7

What are valence electrons?

Answer 7

Electrons in the valence shell.

Question 8

What are valence shells?

Answer 8

The outermost electron shells.

Question 9

How can the mass number be used to determine the number of neutrons.

Answer 9

mass number = protons + neutrons. You can simply subtract the number of protons, or atomic number, from the mass number.

Question 10

What is the mass number?

Answer 10

the number of a chemical element in the periodic system and on the periodic table that equals the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.

Question 11

What is a isotope?

Answer 11

isotopes are members of a family of an element that all have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons..

Question 12

Recall the relationship between electron configuration and reactivity.

Answer 12

The more electrons needed to fill the outer shell the more unreactive, whereas the less electrons needed to fill the outer shell the more reactive.

Question 13

What is an element?

Answer 13

One type of atom

Question 14

What is a compound?

Answer 14

two or more elements bonded together.

Question 15

What are the characteristics of a metal?

Answer 15

-Solid at room temperature
-shiny/castrous
-good conductors of heat and electricity
-malleable (can be beaten/bent into shape)
-ductile (can be drawn into wire)
-high melting point (except mercury)

Question 16

What are the characteristics of non-metals?

Answer 16

-mixture of solids/liquids and gases
-dull or glassy
-poor conductors of heat and electricity
-brittle (shatters when hit/bent)
-not ductile
-low melting point

Question 17

What are the characteristics of metalloids?

Answer 17

-have features of both metals and non-metals
-metallic in appearance
-brittle
-poor conductors of heat and electricity
-most behave chemically like non-metals

Question 18

How does a ion form?

Answer 18

To form an ion, an element must gain or lose an electron

Question 19

What is an ionic compound?

Answer 19

Ionic compounds are compounds made up of ions.

Question 20

How is a ionic compound formed?

Answer 20

An ionic compound is a compound that is formed by ionic bonding. Ionic bonding occurs through a process called electron transfer, where one atom gives electrons to another.

Question 21

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 21

Ionic bonding is a form of chemical connection in which one atom loses valence electrons and gains them from another.

Question 22

What are polyatomic ions?

Answer 22

Polyatomic ions are ions which consist of more than one atom. For example, nitrate ion, NO3-, contains one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms.

Question 23

What are covalent compounds?

Answer 23

A covalent compound is a molecule that is formed when two or more different atoms are connected with a covalent bond.

Question 24

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 24

A chemical bond formed when electrons are shared between two atoms. Usually each atom contributes one electron to form a pair of electrons that are shared by both atoms.

Question 25

What is a ionic bond?

Answer 25

Ionic bonding is a form of chemical connection in which one atom loses valence electrons and gains them from another.

Question 26

What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonding?

Answer 26

The difference between ionic and covalent bonds is how the electrons are used. In ionic bonding, one atom donates electrons to the other. In covalent bonding, the two atoms share electrons. Covalent bonds share electrons and ionic bonds donate electrons.

Question 27

What is a chemical reaction?

Answer 27

Chemical reactions are the processes by which chemicals interact to form new chemicals with different compositions. Simply stated, a chemical reaction is the process where reactants are transformed into products.

Question 28

What is activation energy?

Answer 28

the minimum quantity of energy which the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.

Question 29

How does a chemical reaction work in terms of energy, particles and collisions.

Answer 29

Particles must collide with enough energy in order to react. Collision theory explains how various factors affect rates of reactions. Chemical reactions can occur only when reacting particles collide with each other with sufficient energy.

Question 30

What are exothermic reactions?

Answer 30

The exothermic reaction is the opposite of an endothermic reaction. It releases energy by light or heat to its surrounding.

Question 31

What is an endothermic reaction?

Answer 31

An endothermic reaction is any chemical reaction that absorbs heat from its environment.

Question 32

How does concentration affect a reaction?

Answer 32

Allows for more reactions/collisions between particles allowing for a faster reaction.

Question 33

How does temperature affect a reaction?

Answer 33

Determines the speed at which the particles are moving at, meaning it determines the speed of the reaction.

Question 34

How does a catalyst affect a reaction?

Answer 34

Provides a quicker and alternative way for particles to collide making the reaction faster, while not using the catalyst itself.

Question 35

What is a synthesis reaction?

Answer 35

A synthesis reaction, also known as a direct combination or combination reaction, is a chemical process in which two or more simple elements or compounds combine to form a more complex product. It is represented by the equation: A + B → AB.

Question 36

What is a decomposition reaction?

Answer 36

A decomposition reaction is a reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. The general form of a decomposition reaction is: AB→A+B.

Question 37

What is a displacement reaction?

Answer 37

A displacement reaction occurs when a more reactive element displaces, or pushes out, a less reactive element from a compound that contains the less reactive element.

Question 38

What is a mole?

Answer 38

How is a mole defined? A mole is defined as 6.02214076 × 10 to the power of 23 of some chemical unit, be it atoms, molecules, ions, or others.