Chem 10 Flashcards
(35 cards)
exothermic
An exothermic process releases heat, causing the temperature of the immediate surroundings to rise.
endothermic
An endothermic process absorbs heat and cools the surroundings.
Open System
Some interactions include
energy or material, which can be transferred into or out of the system
Mass can change
Closed System
Stays true to the laws of conservation
Mass cannot escape or enter
Energy can be transferred into or from the system in the form of heat
Law of conservation of mass
States: Mass cannot be created or destroyed → only change form!
Mass = atoms in the formula
This rule is followed when we do a chemical reactions
synthesis
two → one
A + B → AB
Single Replacement
Compound + single element. Switch with duplicate or - or +
AB + C → AC + B
Decompositon
one → two
AB → A + B
Double Replacement
two compounds switch partners. + and -
AB + CD → AD + CB
Neutralization Reaction
Look for H, OH (will form a compound of water and a salt).
HA + BOH → BA + H20
Combustion Reaction
CHO Method
Makes CO2 + H2O
CxHy + O2 → CO2 + H2O
Define Acid + How to identify
H+ Donator ( Anything + )
Positive
Has H+ to donate
Define Bases
Releases OH- ions
Negative
8-14
Define Salt
a salt is a ionic compound
salt is a result of an acid and base
How many times does pH scale go up (acidic)
10x more acidic each time
What type of ions do all acids form
Hydrogen ions
What is HCI → H2 Cl2
Skeleton
3 types of reactions in an exothermic
A: Reactant
B: Activation energy
C:Product
Define activation energy
The energy needed for the reaction to start
Why does endothermic reaction feel cold
They absorb heat energy from their surroundings. This means that the surroundings of endothermic reactions are colder as a result of the reaction.
Acids and bases can be very …
dangerous + corrosive
pH scale is short form for …
The power of hydrogen
What does the pH scale express
concentration of H+
How to determine pH scale and how not too
Litmus paper is commonly used
Cannot be determined by sight
