CHEM 105 E Chapter Quiz

Question 1

qualitative observations

Answer 1

descriptive in nature (e.g. changes in color/shape)

Question 2

quantitative observations

Answer 2

measurements (numerical values) or counted values

Question 3

measurements

Answer 3

scalar and dimensional unit; numerical value

Question 4

systematic/determinate error

Answer 4

error is in the same direction (either higher or lower than it should be)

Question 5

random/indeterminate error

Answer 5

equal probability of measurement being lower or higher than it should be; difficult to correct or find source

Question 6

SI unit for length

Answer 6

meter (m)

Question 7

SI unit for mass

Answer 7

kilogram (kg)

Question 8

SI unit for time

Answer 8

second (s)

Question 9

SI unit for temperature

Answer 9

Kelvin (K)

Question 10

SI unit for amount of a substance

Answer 10

mole (mol)

Question 11

what is the value of a mole

Answer 11

6.02 x 10^23 units

Question 12

SI unit for electric current

Answer 12

ampere (A)

Question 13

SI unit for luminous intensity

Answer 13

candela (cd)

Question 14

mega- (M)

Answer 14

Base x 10^4

Question 15

kilo- (k)

Answer 15

Base x 10^3

Question 16

deci- (d)

Answer 16

Base x 10^-1

Question 17

centi- (c)

Answer 17

Base x 10^-2

Question 18

milli- (m)

Answer 18

Base x 10^-3

Question 19

micro- (mc or μ)

Answer 19

Base x 10^-6

Question 20

nano- (n)

Answer 20

Base x 10^-9

Question 21

pico- (p)

Answer 21

Base x 10^-12

Question 22

water boils (F, C, K)

Answer 22

212 F, 100 C, 373 K

Question 23

water freezes (F, C, K)

Answer 23

32 F, 0 C, 273 K

Question 24

absolute zero (F, C, K)

Answer 24

-459 F, -273 C, 0 K

Question 25

How to convert from Celsius to Kelvin

Answer 25

T(K) = t(*C) + 273.15

Question 26

How to convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 26

*F = 1.8(*C) + 32

Question 27

precision vs accuracy

Answer 27

repeat-ability vs actual closeness

Question 28

uncertainty

Answer 28

the last digit of a measurement (place depends on instrument)

Question 29

sig figs and mult & div

Answer 29

last precise value

Question 30

sig figs and add & sub

Answer 30

value with smallest decimal measurement

Question 31

density = ?

Answer 31

mass / volume

Question 32

density is a ? property, meaning ?

Answer 32

intensive physical property, meaning it is independent of the amount of substance being measured

Question 33

energy

Answer 33

the capacity to do work

Question 34

work

Answer 34

the action of a force applied across a distance

Question 35

force

Answer 35

a push or pull on an object

Question 36

electrostatic force

Answer 36

the push or pull on objects that have an electrical charge

Question 37

kinetic energy

Answer 37

energy associated with movement (KE = 1/2 mv^2)

Question 38

potential energy

Answer 38

energy associated with position or composition

Question 39

system

Answer 39

the area or location under study

Question 40

universe

Answer 40

the system + the surroundings

Question 41

endothermic

Answer 41

heat transfers from surroundings to the system, increasing the energy of the system and decreasing the energy and temp. of the surroundings

Question 42

exothermic

Answer 42

heat transfers from the system to the surroundings, decreasing the energy of the system and increasing the energy and temp. of the surroundings

Question 43

calorie (cal)

Answer 43

the amount of heat needed to raise the temp. of 1g H2O by 1*C

Question 44

1 cal = ? J

Answer 44

4.184

Question 45

kilocalorie (kcal)

Answer 45

= 1000 cal = 4184 J

Question 46

Joule

Answer 46

the amount of heat that will change the temp. of 1g H2O by 1*C

Question 47

kilojoule (kJ)

Answer 47

= 1000 J

Question 48

diet calorie (Cal or C)

Answer 48

1 kcal or 1000 cal

Question 49

kilowatt-hour (kWh)

Answer 49

= 3.60 x 10^6 J

Question 50

Strategy for Solving Problems

Answer 50

1. sort out the info 2. devise a strategy 3. solve 4. check