Chem 112 (Review) - Chp 6

Question 1

What is another name for the representative elements?

Answer 1

Group A/main group elements

Question 2

What is another name for the transition metals?

Answer 2

D Block Elements

Question 3

Which elements are in the same period as phosphorus?

Answer 3

Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, and Ar

Question 4

The modern period table is arranged in order of atomic “ “

Answer 4

Number

Question 5

Who arranged the elements according to atomic mass and use the arrangement to predict the properties of missing elements?

Answer 5

Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 6

Which general category of elements includes the majority of elements?

Answer 6

Metals

Question 7

Of the elements Pt, V, Li, and Kr which are a nonmetal?

Answer 7

Kr is a nonmetal element.

Question 8

To what category of elements does an element belong if it is poor conductor of electricity?

Answer 8

Nonmetals

Question 9

In which of the following sets is the symbol of the elements, the number of protons, and the number of electrons given correctly?

Answer 9

(a) In - 49 protons and 49 electrons
(b) Zn - 30 protons and 60 electrons
(c) Cs - 55 protons and 132.9 electrons
(d) F - 19 protons and 19 electrons

                  *ANSWER: A*

Question 10

The atomic number of an element is the total number of which particle in the nucleus?

Answer 10

Protons

Question 11

What element has the electron configuration of 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p2?

Answer 11

Silicon (Si)

Question 12

What is true about electron configurations of all noble gases?

Answer 12

The highest occupied sublevels “s” and “p” are completely filled

Question 13

Where can you find the representative elements on the periodic table?

Answer 13

1 & 2 and 13-18

Question 14

How does atomic radius change from top to bottom in a group in the periodic table?

Answer 14

Going down, it will increase.

Question 15

How does atomic radius change from left to right across a period in the periodic table?

Answer 15

Decreases from left to right.

Question 16

What causes the shielding effect to remain constant across a period?

Answer 16

The number of energy levels are the same.

Question 17

What element in the second period has the largest atomic radius?

Answer 17

Lithium (Li)

Question 18

What is the charge of a cation?

Answer 18

A positive charge

Question 19

How are cations formed?

Answer 19

When an atom/compound loses, one or more electrons.

Question 20

How are anions formed?

Answer 20

When an atom gains one or more electrons.

Question 21

What are the charges of ions formed from the following elements? Na, Mg, Al, N, O.

Answer 21

Na: 1
Mg: 2
Al: 13
N: 15
O: 16

Question 22

What is the element with the lowest electronegativity value?

Answer 22

Francium

Question 23

What is the element with the highest electronegativity value?

Answer 23

Fluorine

Question 24

What is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gaseous state called?

Answer 24

Ionization energy

Question 25

Which of the following elements has the smallest first ionization energy?

Answer 25

(a) sodium (b) calcium (c) potassium (d) magnesium *ANSWER: C*

Question 26

Which of the following elements has the lowest electronegativity?

Answer 26

(a) lithium (b) carbon (c) bromine (d) fluorine *ANSWER: A*

Question 27

Which statement is true about electronegativity?

Answer 27

(a) electronegativity is ability of an anion to attract another anion. (b) electronegativity generally increases as you move top to bottom with a group. (c) electronegativity generally is higher for metals than for nonmetals. (d) electronegativity generally increases from left to right across a period. *ANSWER: D*

Question 28

Which of the following decreases with increasing atomic number and group 2A?

Answer 28

(a) shielding effect (b) ionic size (c) ionization energy (d) number of electrons

Question 29

What happens to the relative size of an atom when it becomes a cation?

Answer 29

becomes SMALLER than the atom

Question 30

What happens to the relative size of an atom when it becomes a anion?

Answer 30

becomes a LARGER atom

Question 31

Which group of elements in the periodic table is known as the alkali metals?

Answer 31

Group 1A

Question 32

Which group in the periodic table is known as noble gases?

Answer 32

Group 18

Question 33

An element has atomic number of 80. How many protons and electrons are in an atom of the elements?

Answer 33

80 protons and 80 electrons (equal)

Question 34

What is the electron configuration of oxygen?

Answer 34

1s2 , 2s2 , 2p4 : Oxygen

Question 35

What is the electron configuration of sulfur?

Answer 35

[Ne] 3s2 and 3p4 : Sulfur

Question 36

The “S” and “P” sublevels of an atom of an element in period three are filled with electrons. Which orbitals are filled in this atom?

Answer 36

3s and 3p

Question 37

What orbital is filled with iodine gains an electron to become a negative ion?

Answer 37

5p orbital

Question 38

How many electrons are present in the D sub level of a neutral atom of nickel?

Answer 38

8 electrons in the “D” orbital

Question 39

How many electrons are in rubidium ion (Rb+)?

Answer 39

37 electrons

Question 40

What is the usual charge on an ion from group 7A?

Answer 40

Charges “-1”

Question 41

How many electrons does the ion Ca2+ contain?

Answer 41

18 electrons (20-2=18)

Question 42

Explain how ions form. Provide examples.

Answer 42

When an atom gains/loses electrons in order to find a more stable configuration. -> chlorine takes an electron from sodium, then sodium gives the electron chlorine that creates “NaCl”

Question 43

What is electronegativity? Describe the trends in electronegativity within groups and across periods in the periodic table. Provide examples.

Answer 43

The ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound. -> INCREASES when moving left to right and DECREASES as you move down in a group.

Question 44

How do they measure atomic radius? Why does the atomic radius decrease as you move across the periodic table?

Answer 44

Atomic radius is measured in picometers (1x10^-12) -> valence electrons are being added to the same energy level at the same time. The nucleus is INCREASING in protons.

Question 45

What does ionization energy mean? For the elements in group 2A, compare the relative values of their first, second and third ionization energy and explain why this is.

Answer 45

Energy that is required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state. -> first - low -> second - high -> third - highest