chem Flashcards
(33 cards)
what is an atom?
everything in the world around us is made up of atoms which are extremely ting particles
what are the different types of atoms?
Protons electrons and neutrons
what do atoms need?
A ring, protons electrons neutrons and a nucleus
whats the mass compared to one proton for a electon?
1 over 1840
what is the postion of a proton and neutron?
inside the nueleus
whats the postion of a electron?
outside the neucleus
how to determain mass number?
an atoms mass number is euqual to the number of protons and neutrons. e.g oxygen has 8 protons and neutrons
what happens when a neutral atom gains or loses electrons?
the number of protons stays the same.
what are the two types of ions
negative which are formed when a neutral atom gains electrons so it has more electons than protons
positive ions for when a neutral atiom loses electrons so it has more protons than electrons.
catiorn and aniorn
what happens if an atom has the smae number of electons as protons?
it is electrically neutral
whats the name of an outer shell of an atom is called?
valence shell
whats an isotope?
atoms of the same element with differnt mass numbers. they have the same number of protons but a diffrent number of neutrons.
type one of the radioctive particels
alpha a- whne the nucleus ejects an alpha particle
type three of radioactive particles
gamma y- the rearrangement of protons and neutrons inside the atoms that releases a light wave
whats type two of the radioactive particles
Beta- occurs when a neutons is converted into a proton and in the process an electron is released as the beta particle.
what is half life
the rate at which radioscopes realse nuclear energy is measuerd in half-life. half-life is the time it takes for half of the atomsof the radioscopes to decay.
what is the law conservation of mass
the law of conervation of matter says that in any chemical reaction the numver of atoms of each element stays the same. a reaction re-arranges atms to produce one or more new substances. no atoms are created or destroyed
whats a coefficienrt?
the big numbers inront of chemical equastions
whats a subscript
the little numbers in chemical equastions
what makes an unbalenced eqautions?
when the are unequal numbers of atoms of an element on either side
how to balance an equation
by adding numbers ufront of the menical formulas. (coefficents)
what are acids and bases
acids and bases are all around us from a glass of orange juice(acidic) to toothpast(basic) that we commonly would use.
what do acids have?
they have a sour taste, they react with metals and they can damage or destroy other substances. turn litmus paper red
what do bases have?
can be solid or liquid, some can be dissolved in water, have soapy pr slipper feel, have bitter taste, are corrosive, turn litmus paper blue
