chem Flashcards
(23 cards)
what are hydrocarbons
compounds formed from carbon and hydrogen only
alkanes
saturated, one bond CnH2n+2
whats a homologous series
organic compounds with the same functional group, same chemical properties, same general formula
whats substitution
alkane reaction, requires uv light, a chemical replaces a hydrogen
whats cracking of alkanes
when alkane is broken to an alkane and alkene, or an alkene plus hydrogen
sama3y el fractiona crude oil bta3
REFINARY stove
GASOLINE car fuel
NEPATHA making chemicals
KEROSIN jets
DEISEL trucks
FUEL ships
Lubricant wax
bitumen road pavement
alkene eh
unsaturated, double bond CnH2n
hydrogenation
alkene plus hydrogen yb2a alkane, NICKEL CATALYST
HYDRATION
alkene plus h2o yb2a ALCOHOL 300
60ATM, PHOSPHORIC ACID CATALYST
BROMINATION
alkane, no change
alkene, orange to colorless
ANION TEST
CARBONATE; add dilute HCL FIZZ
SULFATE; dilute nitric acid, barium nitrate, WHITE PPT
CLORIDE, BROMIDE,IODIDE; add dilute nitric acid, silver nitrate; WHITE PPT, CREAM PPT, HYELLOW PPT
SULFiTE; add tcl, warm, AQ, potassium manganate, PURPLE TO COLOPURLESS
NITRATE. add sodium hydroxide warm, add aluminium foil, RED LITMUS BLUE
CATION TEST
ADD SODIUM HYDROXIDE; ZINC white pot soluble
ALUMINIUM white ppt soluble
CHROMIUM grey/green ppt soluble
COPPER, light blue, insoljuble
IRON 2 green insoluble
IRON 3, radish brow insoluble
EXCESS AMMONIA; ZINC WHITE PPT SOLUBLE
COPPER LIGHT blue soluble dark blue solution
calcium little ppt
how to preform flame test
rod HCL to remove impurities, add to salt, bunsen burner
SODIUM yellow
POTASSIUM lilac
LITHIUM crimson red
COPPER bl.ue green
BARIUM; light green
CALCIUM.; orange red
gas tests
AMMONIA DAMP RED LIT USPAPER TO BLUE
CO2 TURNS LIMEWATER MILKY
CL2 BLEACHES BLUE LITMUS PAPER
H2 LIGHTEN SPLINT, POP SOUND
O2 GL0WING SPLINT, RELIGHTD]S
CARBON MONOXIDE
incomplete combustion of carbon, difficulty breathing
SULFUR DIOXIDE
combustion of fossil fuels containing sulfur, forming acid rain killing plants and aquatic life
oxides of nitrogen
car engines forms acid rain
lead compounds
leaded petrol, damages brain cells
how oxides of nitrogens are formed?
heat and pressure in car engines, nitrogen reacts with oxygen giving nitrogen dioxide, CATALYTIC CONVERTERD used to change them to carbon snf carbon dioxide
what are maw good in fetrilizers
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM
sources of methane
livestock farming, digestion on cows, decomposition of vegetation
exothermic
energy. of reactantis more than product
endothermic
energy of reactant is more than produce
