Chem

Question 1

Solid ⇾ Gas

Answer 1

Deposition (Add heat)

Question 2

Gas ⇾ Solid

Answer 2

Sublimation (Remove Heat)

Question 3

Liquid ⇾ Gas

Answer 3

Evaporation (Add heat)

Question 4

Gas ⇾ Liquid

Answer 4

Condensation (Remove Heat)

Question 5

Solid ⇾ Liquid

Answer 5

Melting (add heat)

Question 6

Liquid ⇾ Solid

Answer 6

Freezing (remove heat)

Question 7

Physical properties for solid?

Answer 7

Fixed Shape, Fixed Volume, Cannot flow, Slightly compressible, Small change in volume with heating

Question 8

Physical properties of liquid?

Answer 8

Not fixed shape, fixed volume, can flow, can be slightly compressed, small change in volume with heating

Question 9

Physical properties of gas?

Answer 9

Not fixed shape, Not fixed volume, Can flow, Can be greatly compressed, Very large change to volume when heated

Question 10

Explain the motion of particles in solids?

Answer 10

• Never stops moving
• Move towards each other then spring away
• Looks like lattice formation
• Doesn’t fall apart because of particles staying close and orderly

Question 11

What happens when a solid is heated?

Answer 11

• The heat causes the molecules to lose order
• They speed up, bump into each other and lose their pattern
• The solid melts

Question 12

What happens when water is heated?

Answer 12

• It evaporates very quickly
• Molecules move even quicker and with less order

Question 13

Name the 5 points in the particle theory of matter?

Answer 13

1. All matter is made up of small particles
2. All particles of one substance are identical
3. The space between particles is very large compared to the particles themselves
4. The particles in matter attract each other (the closer they are, the stronger the force)
5. All the particles of matter are constantly moving (change in temperature and speed is what causes a change in state)

Question 14

Describe the heating curve for water?

Answer 14

1. Water particles begin to move faster and with less order, spacing increases.
2. 0 degrees C - energy is used to change states rather than release temperature (temp flattens out for a bit) S -> L
3. Particles continue moving faster and spacing increases more
4. 100 degrees C - energy is used to change states, not release temperature (temp flattens out for a bit) L -> G
5. Temp continues increasing
   Attraction between particles lessens with each step
   (If confused, review image in binder)

Question 15

What is a physical property?

Answer 15

A characteristic of a substance that can be measured without changing its identity.

Question 16

What is a chemical property?

Answer 16

The ability of a substance to react to another substance and form new substances.

Question 17

What is qualitative vs quantitative?

Answer 17

Qualitative: w/o detailed measurement, easy to observe, etc
Quantitative: w/ complex measurement, assigned a value, generally uses #’s

Question 18

What is solubility?

Answer 18

The ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent.

Question 19

What is conductivity?

Answer 19

Ability to conduct electricity.

Question 20

What is combustability?

Answer 20

The ability of a substance to burn in the air.

Question 21

What is an element?

Answer 21

Cannot be broken down via ordinary means
Atoms are the smallest price of an element
Each element has its own unique properties
Assembled and can be found on the periodic table

Question 22

What is a compound?

Answer 22

-Made of 2 or more different chemicals,
-Defined by chemical formula and have different properties of oh elements
-Molecules are the smallest piece of a compound

Question 23

What is a homogeneous mixture?

Answer 23

Components are uniformly mixed together
(One phase)

Question 24

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

Answer 24

Has 2 or more phases (states, colours, etc)

Question 25

What is physical change?

Answer 25

Alters only the form/state Chemical composition does not change

Question 26

What is chemical change?

Answer 26

Transforms a substance into a new product which is different both physically and chemically from the OG substance Transformation occurs through a chemical reaction

Question 27

Evidence of chemical change?

Answer 27

- New colour - New gas (odour) - New solid - Absorb/Give off heat - Produce light - Irreversible (often)

Question 28

Reactants —> ??

Answer 28

Products

Question 29

Who created the original atomic theory?

Answer 29

John Dalton

Question 30

What is the atomic #?

Answer 30

The # of protons in the nucleus

Question 31

What is the atomic mass?

Answer 31

The # of neutrons and protons in the nucleus

Question 32

What is electronegativity?

Answer 32

An atom's ability to retain/take electrons

Question 32

What is the octet rule?

Answer 32

Every atom has the desire to exist with a complete outer shell.

Question 33

What are families on the periodic table?

Answer 33

The elements found in the same column.

Question 33

What are valence electrons?

Answer 33

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

Question 34

What are periods on the periodic table?

Answer 34

The elements found in the same row.

Question 35

What are metalloids?

Answer 35

Found attached to the staircase (-aluminum) and have properties of both metals and non metals

Question 36

What are halogens?

Answer 36

7th family on the periodic table

Question 37

What are alkali metals?

Answer 37

Family 1 of the periodic table

Question 38

What are alkaline earth metals?

Answer 38

2nd family of the periodic table

Question 39

What happens with moving left to right on the periodic table?

Answer 39

1. atomic # increase 2. atomic mass increases 3. atomic radius decreases

Question 40

What happens when moving down a column on the periodic table?

Answer 40

Atomic # increase atomic mass increases Atomic radius increases

Question 41

Where are the most reactive elements?

Answer 41

At the bottom of a column

Question 42

What is an ion?

Answer 42

An atom that is no longer neutral in charge

Question 43

Draw and label the heating curve

Answer 43

Check binder for answer

Question 44

Draw and label the Bohr-Rutherford diagram for P

Answer 44

Check binder for answer

Question 45

Name, draw and label the Dalton diagram

Answer 45

The Billiard Ball - Check binder for answer

Question 46

Name, draw and label the Thomson diagram

Answer 46

The Chocolate Chip Cookie - Check binder for answer

Question 47

Name, draw and label the Rutherford diagram

Answer 47

The Beehive - Check binder for answer

Question 48

Name, draw and label the Bohr diagram

Answer 48

The Solar System - Check binder for answer

Question 49

Draw the Lewis dot diagram for Ar and B

Answer 49

Ar with 8 dots B with 3 dots

Question 50

Draw the Bohr-Rutherford diagram for the Cl ion with an inventory

Answer 50

Check for answer

Question 51

Draw the Bohr-Rutherford diagram for the Si ion with an inventory

Answer 51

Check for answer

Question 52

Write the C ion

Answer 52

[Na]-4/+4

Question 53

Write the O ion

Answer 53

[O]-2

Question 54

What does atom mean in Greek

Answer 54

Uncuttable or indivisible

Question 55

Everything in the universe in either…

Answer 55

Energy or matter

Question 56

What is an isotope?

Answer 56

Same atomic # (same number of protons) Different atomic mass (different number of neutrons)

Question 57

What is the ionic bond for Beryllium and Sulfur?

Answer 57

Beryllium sulfide (BeS)

Question 58

What is the ionic bond for Aluminum and oxygen?

Answer 58

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3)

Question 59

Composition and total number of atoms of Li4(O3C)2

Answer 59

Lithium 4, Oxygen 6, Carbon 2 12

Question 60

Composition and total number of atoms of SBAr3

Answer 60

Sulfur 1, Boron 1, Argon 3, 5

Question 61

What property do the noble gases have that interest scientists?

Answer 61

Noble gases are incredibly stable

Question 62

What is another name for the noble gases?

Answer 62

The inert gases

Question 63

Why are they called noble gases?

Answer 63

They rarely react with other elements (due to their valence shells already being complete) thus they are noble (already perfect)

Question 63

What are common properties of halogens?

Answer 63

-high electronegativity -highly reactive -poor conducters -7 valence electrons

Question 64

What does it mean when an element is chemically stable?

Answer 64

It's resistance to undergoing chemical reactions

Question 65

Why are halogens said to be one electron short of stability?

Answer 65

To be stable, an element needs to satisfy the octet rule (a complete valence shell, which is 8 electrons) They have 7 electrons, one away from a full valence shell

Question 65

Are the halogens reactive?

Answer 65

Halogens are extremely reactive because they only need one electron to satisfy the octet rule, which means they accept electrons (bonds) easily, and such is a reaction

Question 66

How are alkali metals different from halogens?

Answer 66

Alkali metals have low electronegativity, halogens have high electronegativity

Question 67

What are each of the halogens used for?

Question 68

Why are alkali metals so reactive?

Answer 68

Because all they need to do is get rid/gain of one electron to have a complete outer shell

Question 69

Which alkali metals are the most reactive?

Answer 69

Bottom of column going up (francium and cesium)

Question 70

Are alkaline earth metals as reactive as alkali metals?

Answer 70

No, because alkaline earth metals have two valence electrons, which makes them slightly harder to effectively give away

Question 71

Compare alkali and alkaline earth metals

Answer 71

1 valence electron vs. 2 valence electrons

Question 72

Characteristics of alkaline earth metals

Answer 72

-Reactive -2 electrons -High melting point

Question 73

Which alkaline earth metals are the most reactive?

Answer 73

Radium and Barium

Question 74

Scientists of the atomic theory

Answer 74

Answer all the questions on the scientists of the atomic theory question sheet, then compare answers with binder (I am much too lazy to type all of them out)

Question 75

What are noble gases?

Answer 75

8th family of the periodic table