chem Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is Nitric Acid used for?
Nitric Acid stains protein into a yellow color and is used in making explosives, rubber, and pharmaceuticals.
What is Sulfuric Acid primarily used for?
Sulfuric Acid is used in the manufacture of fertilizers and in the production of metals, paper, paint, dyes, and detergents.
What is Phosphoric Acid used for when diluted?
Phosphoric Acid is used as a flavoring agent in beverages and in the manufacturing of detergents, ceramics, fertilizers, and animal food.
What role does Hydrochloric Acid play in the body?
Hydrochloric Acid is used in the stomach to help in the digestion process.
What is Acetic Acid used for?
Acetic Acid is clear and colorless, used in synthesizing chemicals for the manufacture of plastic.
What are the properties of acids?
Acids have a sour taste, are corrosive and sometimes poisonous, turn pH indicator red, react with some active metals to release H2, and react with bases to produce salt and water.
What are the properties of bases?
Bases have a bitter taste, are slippery, turn pH indicator blue, and react with acids to produce salt and water.
What defines a strong acid?
A strong acid ionizes completely in aqueous solution and is a strong electrolyte.
What defines a weak acid?
A weak acid releases few hydrogen ions in aqueous solution and is a weak electrolyte.
What is Thermochemistry?
Thermochemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the transfer of energy as heat that accompanies chemical reactions and physical changes.
What is a Calorimeter?
A Calorimeter is the device used to measure the amount of energy released or absorbed.
What is Heat energy?
Heat energy is a form of energy that transfers from higher temperature objects to lower temperature objects.
What is Specific heat?
Specific heat is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.
What is Temperature?
Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy (speed) of the particles in a matter.
What is a Combustion reaction?
A combustion reaction occurs when a substance combines with oxygen to release a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat.
Example: 2H2 + O2 ———–> 2H2O
What is a Decomposition reaction?
A decomposition reaction occurs when a simple compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.
What is Electrolysis?
Electrolysis is the decomposition of a substance using electric current.
Example: 2H2 + O2 ———–> 2H2O
What happens during the Decomposition of metal chlorates?
When a metal chlorate is heated, it decomposes to produce a metal chloride and oxygen.
Example: 2KCLO3 —–MnO2——> 2KCL + O2
What occurs during the Decomposition of acids?
Decomposition of acids involves breaking down into simpler substances.
Examples: H2CO3 ———–> CO2 + H2O, H2SO4 ———–> SO3 + H2O
What is Synthesis in chemistry?
Synthesis is when two or more substances combine together to form a new compound.
Examples: 2Mg + O2 ———–> 2MgO, 2Fe + O2 ———–> 2FeO, C + O2 ———–> 2CO
