Chem Flashcards
LEARN BEFORE TEST PLEASE GOD SHINE ON ME (17 cards)
How can the atomic structure of atoms be modelled?
As a nucleus surrounded by electrons in distinct energy levels. Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons.
Which energy levels fill first with electrons?
Lower energy levels (lower n number) fill before higher ones.
What trends are seen across and down the periodic table?
Across a period: more valence electrons. Down a group: more electron shells. Metals on the left
How does atomic structure and position on the periodic table affect electron strength?
It shows how strongly electrons are held by the nucleus.
What are the trends in reactivity across the periodic table?
Group 1 increases in reactivity down the group; Group 17 decreases.
How does periodic table position relate to ion charge?
It depends on how many valence electrons an atom gains or loses to get a full outer shell.
What is an ion?
An atom or group of atoms with an electrical charge due to losing or gaining electrons.
What is the octet rule?
Atoms tend to gain or lose electrons to have 8 electrons in their outer shell.
What is ionic bonding?
The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
How do you determine the formula of an ionic compound?
Balance the charges on the positive and negative ions so the total charge is zero. Name the compound accordingly (excluding polyatomic ions).
What factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
Temperature
How does collision theory explain the effect of conditions on reaction rate?
More frequent and energetic collisions (due to higher temp
How do catalysts affect reaction rate?
They increase the proportion of collisions that lead to a chemical change by lowering activation energy.
How can you calculate the rate of a chemical reaction?
By measuring product formation or reactant depletion over time
What are the main types of chemical reactions?
Decomposition
How can you predict if a precipitate will form in a reaction?
Use a solubility table to see if one of the products is insoluble.
How are mathematical representations and data used in chemical investigations?
By analysing tables
