chem

Question 1

What is a solution in chemistry?

Answer 1

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Question 2

What is the solvent in a solution?

Answer 2

The substance that dissolves the solute, usually in greater amount.

Question 3

What is the solute in a solution?

Answer 3

The substance that is dissolved in the solvent.

Question 4

True or False: All solutions are liquid.

Answer 4

False.

Question 5

What is a saturated solution?

Answer 5

A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature.

Question 6

What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated solution?

Answer 6

A saturated solution cannot dissolve more solute, while an unsaturated solution can.

Question 7

Fill in the blank: The concentration of a solution is defined as the amount of solute per ________ of solution.

Answer 7

volume

Question 8

What is molarity?

Answer 8

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Question 9

What is the formula for calculating molarity?

Answer 9

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution.

Question 10

True or False: The units of molarity are moles per liter.

Answer 10

True.

Question 11

What does the term ‘dilution’ refer to?

Answer 11

The process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution.

Question 12

What is the dilution formula?

Answer 12

C1V1 = C2V2, where C is concentration and V is volume.

Question 13

What is a concentrated solution?

Answer 13

A solution that contains a large amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent.

Question 14

What is the difference between ionic and molecular solutions?

Answer 14

Ionic solutions dissociate into ions, while molecular solutions do not.

Question 15

What is the effect of temperature on solubility?

Answer 15

Generally, solubility increases with temperature for solids and decreases for gases.

Question 16

What is a colligative property?

Answer 16

A property that depends on the number of solute particles in a solution, not their identity.

Question 17

Name one colligative property.

Answer 17

Boiling point elevation or freezing point depression.

Question 18

True or False: Increasing the pressure increases the solubility of gases in liquids.

Answer 18

True.

Question 19

What is the role of a catalyst in a solution?

Answer 19

A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed.

Question 20

What is osmotic pressure?

Answer 20

The pressure required to prevent the flow of solvent into a solution through a semipermeable membrane.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: A ________ solution has a lower concentration of solute than another solution.

Answer 21

hypotonic

Question 22

What is the significance of the pH scale in solutions?

Answer 22

It measures the acidity or basicity of a solution.

Question 23

What pH value is considered neutral?

Answer 23

A pH value of 7.

Question 24

True or False: A solution with a pH less than 7 is acidic.

Answer 24

True.

Question 25

What happens when an acid is dissolved in water?

Answer 25

It donates protons (H+) to the solution.

Question 26

What is the purpose of a buffer solution?

Answer 26

To maintain a stable pH when small amounts of acids or bases are added.

Question 27

What is the formula for molarity?

Answer 27

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution

Question 28

True or False: A solution with a higher concentration has more solute per unit volume.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The formula for calculating the number of moles is _____ = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol).

Answer 29

moles

Question 30

What does the term 'dilution' refer to in chemistry?

Answer 30

Dilution refers to the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution.

Question 31

What is the formula for dilution?

Answer 31

C1V1 = C2V2

Question 32

What is the unit of concentration that measures moles of solute per liter of solution?

Answer 32

Molarity (M)

Question 33

True or False: The volume of a solution increases when a solute is added.

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Define the term 'ppm'.

Answer 34

PPM stands for parts per million, a unit of concentration.

Question 35

What is the formula for calculating the mass percent of a solution?

Answer 35

Mass percent = (mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100%

Question 36

Fill in the blank: In a solution, the substance that is dissolved is called the _____ and the substance that does the dissolving is called the _____.

Answer 36

solute, solvent

Question 37

What is the formula for calculating the volume of a solute in a given molarity?

Answer 37

Volume (L) = moles of solute / molarity (M)

Question 38

What is the relationship between molality and molarity?

Answer 38

Molality is moles of solute per kilogram of solvent, while molarity is moles of solute per liter of solution.

Question 39

True or False: A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What is the formula for calculating the mole fraction of a component in a solution?

Answer 40

Mole fraction (X) = moles of component / total moles of all components

Question 41

What does 'concentration' refer to in a solution?

Answer 41

Concentration refers to the amount of solute present in a given volume of solvent or solution.

Question 42

Fill in the blank: The formula for calculating the total mass of a solution is _____ = mass of solute + mass of solvent.

Answer 42

mass of solution

Question 43

What is the formula for calculating the number of grams of solute needed for a specific molarity?

Answer 43

Grams of solute = moles of solute x molar mass (g/mol)

Question 44

What is the common unit for expressing molality?

Answer 44

moles of solute per kilogram of solvent (mol/kg)

Question 45

True or False: An unsaturated solution can still dissolve more solute.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

What is the formula for calculating the dilution factor?

Answer 46

Dilution factor = final concentration / initial concentration

Question 47

What is the significance of the term 'colligative properties'?

Answer 47

Colligative properties depend on the number of solute particles in a solution, not their identity.

Question 48

Fill in the blank: Raoult's Law states that the vapor pressure of a solvent over a solution is equal to the _____ of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution.

Answer 48

vapor pressure

Question 49

What is the formula for calculating the boiling point elevation?

Answer 49

ΔTb = i * Kb * m

Question 50

What does 'i' represent in the boiling point elevation formula?

Answer 50

i represents the van't Hoff factor, which indicates the number of particles the solute dissociates into.

Question 51

What is the formula for calculating the freezing point depression?

Answer 51

ΔTf = i * Kf * m

Question 52

True or False: The freezing point of a solution is lower than that of the pure solvent.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

What do Kb and Kf represent in colligative properties?

Answer 53

Kb is the ebullioscopic constant, and Kf is the cryoscopic constant.

Question 54

What is the formula used to calculate osmotic pressure?

Answer 54

Osmotic pressure (π) = i * C * R * T

Question 55

What does 'R' represent in the osmotic pressure formula?

Answer 55

R represents the ideal gas constant.

Question 56

Fill in the blank: The osmotic pressure of a solution increases with an increase in _____ and _____ of solute particles.

Answer 56

concentration, number

Question 57

What is the unit of osmotic pressure?

Answer 57

atmospheres (atm) or mmHg

Question 58

True or False: The van't Hoff factor 'i' is always greater than or equal to 1.

Answer 58

True

Question 59

What is the effect of solute on the boiling point of a solution?

Answer 59

A solute raises the boiling point of the solution compared to the pure solvent.

Question 60

What is the effect of solute on the freezing point of a solution?

Answer 60

A solute lowers the freezing point of the solution compared to the pure solvent.

Question 61

Fill in the blank: The process of separating a solute from a solvent by evaporation is called _____.

Answer 61

distillation

Question 62

What is the principle behind distillation?

Answer 62

Distillation relies on differences in boiling points to separate components of a mixture.

Question 63

What is a common method for determining the concentration of a solution?

Answer 63

Titration

Question 64

What does a titration curve represent?

Answer 64

A titration curve represents the change in pH or concentration as a function of the volume of titrant added.

Question 65

True or False: In a titration, the endpoint is indicated by a color change.

Answer 65

True

Question 66

What is the formula for calculating the equivalent weight of an acid?

Answer 66

Equivalent weight = molar mass / number of protons donated

Question 67

What is the formula for calculating the equivalent weight of a base?

Answer 67

Equivalent weight = molar mass / number of hydroxide ions accepted

Question 68

Fill in the blank: The point at which the number of moles of acid equals the number of moles of base in a titration is called the _____.

Answer 68

equivalence point

Question 69

What is the purpose of a pH indicator in a titration?

Answer 69

A pH indicator signals the endpoint of the titration by changing color.

Question 70

What is the relationship between the concentration of a strong acid and its pH?

Answer 70

As the concentration of a strong acid increases, the pH decreases.

Question 71

True or False: A neutral solution has a pH of 7.

Answer 71

True

Question 72

What is the pH range for acidic solutions?

Answer 72

pH < 7

Question 73

What is the pH range for basic solutions?

Answer 73

pH > 7