Chem Flashcards
(57 cards)
What is an ion?
An atom or group of atoms with a charge
Ions can be positively charged (cations) or negatively charged (anions).
What is an ionic bond?
A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal
Ionic bonds typically form between metals and non-metals.
What is a covalent bond?
A chemical bond where atoms share electrons, usually between non-metals
Covalent bonds can result in the formation of molecules.
What is a chemical formula?
A representation showing the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms
Examples include H2O for water and CO2 for carbon dioxide.
What are reactants?
Substances that start a chemical reaction
Reactants are found on the left side of a chemical equation.
What are products?
Substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction
Products are found on the right side of a chemical equation.
What is a mole?
A unit (6.02 × 10^23 particles) used to count atoms/molecules
The mole is a fundamental concept in chemistry for quantifying substances.
What is molar mass?
Mass of 1 mole of a substance (in g/mol)
Molar mass is used to convert between grams and moles.
What is a synthesis reaction?
Two or more substances combine to form one
An example is the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
What is a decomposition reaction?
One substance breaks into two or more
An example is the breakdown of water into hydrogen and oxygen gas.
What is a single replacement reaction?
One element replaces another
An example is when zinc replaces copper in a copper sulfate solution.
What happens to atoms when they form bonds?
Atoms either transfer or share electrons
This process results in the formation of ions or molecules.
How can we use formulas to represent compounds?
Formulas indicate the types and numbers of atoms in a compound
They provide information on the composition and structure of the substance.
What do chemical equations tell us?
They show the reactants and products of a chemical reaction
Chemical equations also indicate the proportions in which substances react.
How do we count particles we can’t see?
By using the mole as a counting unit
This allows chemists to quantify atoms and molecules in a manageable way.
What is a double replacement reaction?
Two compounds swap ions
What is combustion?
Burning in oxygen, usually producing CO2 and H2O
What is ionic bonding?
Ionic bonds form between metals and non-metals through the transfer of electrons
What happens to metals in ionic bonding?
Metals lose electrons → become positive ions (cations)
What happens to non-metals in ionic bonding?
Non-metals gain electrons → become negative ions (anions)
Why do ions form?
Atoms want to achieve a full outer shell (like noble gases) to become more stable
Which atoms tend to lose electrons?
Atoms with 1, 2, or 3 electrons in their outer shell tend to lose them → become cations
Which atoms tend to gain electrons?
Atoms with 5, 6, or 7 electrons tend to gain electrons → become anions
Where are metals located on the periodic table?
On the left side of the periodic table
