chem 2

Question 1

monoprotic acids

Answer 1

1. HNO3
2. HCl
3. HBr
4. HI
5. HCOOH
6. CH3COOH
7. CF3COOH

Question 2

diprotic acid

Answer 2

H2SO4

Question 3

triprotic acid

Answer 3

H3PO4

Question 4

Range of the acidity constant, Ka?

Answer 4

(least) 10^-60 to 10^15 (most)

Question 5

pKa of water?

Answer 5

15.74

Question 6

[H+] > [OH-]

Answer 6

acidic

Question 7

[H+] < [OH-]

Answer 7

basic

Question 8

pH =

Answer 8

• log [H3O+]

Question 9

pH + pOH =

Answer 9

14

Question 10

Boron trifluoride-etherate is considered?

Answer 10

Lewis base

Question 11

The transition metal salts such as TiCl4, FeCl3, ZnCl2, and SnCl4 are?

Answer 11

Lewis acid

Question 12

Acetone, Acetaldehyde, Ethyl alcohol, Acetic acid, Acetyl chloride, and Acetamide are all?

Answer 12

Lewis base

Question 13

The coordination of water with metal ions is a __________ acid-base reaction.

Answer 13

Complex

Question 14

The formation of hydronium ion is a _________ acid-base reaction.

Answer 14

Arrhenius

Question 15

The interaction of Fe2+ in heme with O2 is a _________ acid-base reaction.

Answer 15

Lewis

Question 16

Arrange the following acids from least acidic to most: HF, HBr, HI, HCl

Answer 16

HI, HBr, HCl, HF

Question 17

Arrange the following acids from most acidic to least: Hypoiodous acid, Hypobromous acid, and Hypochlorous acid

Answer 17

Hypochlorous acid > Hypobromous acid > Hypoiodous acid

Question 18

Why is CH3COOH a stronger acid than HOH?

Answer 18

CH3COOH is more stable and has a strong conjugate acid

Question 19

Arrange the acidity: resonance, electronegativity, inductive effect, and atomic radius

Answer 19

resonance > atomic radius > electronegativity > inductive effect

Question 20

What is the difference between inductive effect and field effect?

Answer 20

inductive effect is the polarization between sigma bonds while
field effect is polarization through space.

Question 21

Why is benzoic acid a stronger acid than acetic acid?

Answer 21

benzoic acid creates a more stable conjugate base.

Question 22

Electromeric effect is seen in _____pi system whereas resonance effect is seen in ______ pi system.

Answer 22

Unconjugated, Conjugated

Question 23

Hyperconjugation is also known as?

Answer 23

no-bond resonance

Question 24

What is the IUPAC name of Isobutane?

Answer 24

2-Methylpropane

Question 25

Isopropulamine and propylamine are ____ isomers

Answer 25

positional

Question 26

H-H (eclipsed) torsional strain is

Answer 26

4 kJ/mol

Question 27

H-CH3 (eclipsed) torsional strain is

Answer 27

6 kJ/mol

Question 28

CH3-CH3 (eclipsed) torsional strain is

Answer 28

11 kJ/mol

Question 29

CH3-CH3 (gauche) torsional strain is

Answer 29

3.8 kJ/mol

Question 30

Bayer's theory was incorrect because?

Answer 30

he ignored the torsional strength and assumed they were all flat.

Question 31

Cyclobutane all C-H bonds are?

Answer 31

eclipsed

Question 32

_________ ring looks like an envelope

Answer 32

cyclopentane

Question 33

n-Butane and isobutane are ___ isomers whereas ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether are ___ isomers

Answer 33

structural, functional

Question 34

In cyclobutane, the bend __________ angle strain but _________ torsional strain

Answer 34

increases, decreases

Question 35

What do you mean by flipping the cyclohexane ring?

Answer 35

the exchange of axial and equatorial positions caused by an inter converted chair conformation.

Question 36

in general, equatorial positions give more _________ isomer.

Answer 36

stable

Question 37

Because of the flipping of a cyclohexane ring, the ________ hydrogens become ________ and the ________ hydrogens become __________.

Answer 37

axial, equatorial, equatorial, axial

Question 38

Methanesulfonic acid (pKa = 1.2) is stronger than acetic acid (pKa = 4.74) - explain.

Answer 38

the acetate ion shares a negative charge with 2 oxygen atoms and the methanesulfonic ion with 3 oxygen atoms.

Question 39

resonance effect

Answer 39

delocalization of pairs of more than 2 atoms. requires conjugation and coplanarity.

Question 40

Arrange in order to increasing inductive effect: (CH3)3C- , (CH3)2CH- , -C2H5 , -CH3

Answer 40

(CH3)3C- , (CH3)2CH- , -C2H5 , -CH3

Question 41

Write the postulates of Baeyer's Strain Theory.

Answer 41

- all cycloalkanes are co-planar - the deviation of bond angle from the normal tetrahedral angle is called angle strain. - the greater the angle strain, the greater the instability of the ring. - the higher stability of the ring, the easier its formation.

Question 42

How many types of strains are possible in a molecule for angular, torsional, and steric strain? Explain.

Answer 42

3 types: ~angular- expansion/compression of bond angles away from the preferred 109.5 degree ~torsional- eclipsing of bonds on neighboring atoms ~steric strain- repulsive interactions between nonbonded atoms in close proximity.

Question 43

Monobasic

Answer 43

LiOH NaOH KOH

Question 44

Dibasic

Answer 44

Ca(OH)2 Sr(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 Ba(OH)2

Question 45

Tribasic

Answer 45

Al(OH)3 Ga(OH)3 In(OH)3