Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Chem 239 reagents > Chem 239 Reactions > Flashcards

Chem 239 Reactions Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Oxidation of alcohols

A

weak: to ketone, PCC
strong: to COOH, KmnO4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alkylbenzenes

A

to alkylate: R-Cl with AlCl3

To add carboxylic acid: KMnO4/H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Grignard with Co2

A

Brominate benzene with Br2/FeBr3, remove Br with Mg, add CO2 and H3O+

Forms carboxylic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acid chloride synthesis

A

SOCl2 or PCl5, COOH to COCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Amide synthesis

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anhydride synthesis

A

Two carboxylic acids + heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Decarboxylation reaction

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acid catalyzed esterification

A

carboxylic acid + R-OH-> Ester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Carboxylic acid reduction

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ester hydrolysis

A

RCOOR+H3O+->COOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lactonization

A

H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Saponification

A

Ester-> carboxylic acid with carboxylate intermediate

Reagent: NaOH, then H+ workup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acid catalyzed transesterificstion

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Amide hydrolysis

A

H2O

amide> carboxylic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acid chloride hydrolysis

A

H2O

acid chloride-> carboxylic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ester reduction

A

LiAlH4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Amide reduction

A

LiAlH4+

RCONH2->R-NH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reaction of esters with grignard

A

ester->

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Keto enol tautomerizarion

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Acid catalyzed enolization

A

H3O+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Base catalyzed enolization

22
Q

Malonic ester synthesis

Study These Flashcards
A

Use NaOet and r-Br group of choice to turn a-carbon into nucleophile

23
Q

Acetoacidic ester synthesis

Study These Flashcards
A

Use NaOet and r-Br

24
Q

Haloform reaction

Study These Flashcards
A

excess X2, NaOH, , mild acidic workup

CHX3 formed, becomes leaving group

25
Aldol condensation
Addition: NaOH, H2O condensation: heat, creates alkene
26
Intramolecular claisen
use NaOH
27
Conjugate addition
28
1,2/1,4 additions
29
Michael addition
KOH, Alkene, H2O | OH deprotonates, carbanion attacks, H grabbed
30
Robinson annulation
Start with Michael addition: KOH, Alkene, H2O OH deprotonates, carbanion attacks, H grabbed by alkene Then: Base grabs a-hydrogen, intramolecular reaction, O- protonated and kicked off
31
Gabriel synthesis
KOH | H2NNH2
32
Reductive amination
H+, NaBH3CN
33
Amines via reduction
Amide or nitrile-> amine using LiAlH4 and H3O+
34
Hofmann elimination
R-NX3->alkene using Ag2O and heat
35
EAS with arylamines
aniline + (CH3CO)2O/pyridine -> Acetanilide
36
Nitrosations
No2 + HCl->N=O | N=O attacks NH2 on aryl amine
37
Reactions with Aryl diazonium salt
Ph-NH2 w/ HNO2 and H+-> Ph-N=-N
38
Mutarotation
Mechanism: H3O+ or OH- open hemiacetal, internal rotation of carbonyl, H3O+ or OH- closes hemiacetal
39
Isomerization of aldoses/ketoses
40
Glycosides
monosaccharides + alcohols in acid give cyclic acetals (one OH group->OCH3) - to return to OH, use H3O+
41
Ether and ester derivatives of carbohydrates
42
Oxidation of carbs
Strong: HNO3 used, Turns first and last carbon to carboxylic acid Weak: Br2, water, Turns CHO on top to carboxylic acid
43
Reduction of carbs
NaBH4 | turns top COH to CH2OH
44
Epimerization
NaOH and H2O
45
Killiani Ester Synthesis
1. HCN 2. H2, Pd/BaSO4 3. H3O+ Just adds extra carbon
46
claisen condensation
Two esters + EtOH/HCl makes acetoacetic ester
47
periodate oxidation
OH groups turned into aldehyde
48
To turn diazonium into other things
CN: CuCN Br: CuBr Cl: CuCl
49
To add NO2 group to benzene
HNO3 and H2SO4
50
To turn nitro group into an amine
H2, Pd
51
ketone to carboxylic acid
NaOH, Br2, H3O+

Chem 239 reagents (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions