chem chapter 3 Flashcards
(25 cards)
what is the octet rule?
8 e- in the outermost shell forming a stable e- configuration similar to noble gas
what is an incomplete octet?
elements are stable with fewerthan 8 e- in valence shell (
examples of incomplete octet
H, He, Li, Be, B
What is an expanded octet?
any element that can hold more than 8 e-
examples of elements with an expanded octet?
P, S,Cl
odd number electrons
add number in valence shell (ex. NO has11 e-)
two major types of ionic bonds
covalent and ionic bonds
what is an ionic bond
involves metal transferred to atom with high e-affinity
typically a nonmetal
what is covalent bonding?
an e- pair is shared between 2 atoms, typically nonmetals that have similar values of electronegativity
what is a nonpolar covalent bond
a covalent bond where the e-pair is shared equally
what is a polar covalent bond?
a covalent bond where the e- pair is shared unequally
in an ionic bond, what are the two types of atoms involved?
cation and anion
what is a cation?
atom that loses an e-
what is an anion?
atom that gains an e-
how many types of covalent bonding are there
single, double and triple bonds
what is bond energy?
the energy needed to break a bond
what is polarity?
when 2 atoms have a difference in electronegativity
what do resonance structures do?
demonstrate the same arranegments of atoms
what is vespr theory
octet rule
two types of bond formation
sigma and pi bonds
what are london dispersion forces
attraction interactions of these short lived and rapidly shifting dipoles
dipole-dipole bonding is present in ______ phases
solid
charge of hydrogen bonding
+
effect of hydrogen bonding on bp
increases bp
