Chem Final Review Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is a chemical bond?
A force of attraction holding particles together
What is electronegativity?
The relative ability of an atom to attract a pair of bonding electrons
Define shared (covalent) bonds:
The electronegativities of each atom are similar and are relatively large.
Polar = 0.5 - 1.7
Slightly Polar = 0.0 -05
Non-polar = 0.0
Define transferred (ionic) bonds:
The electronegativities of each atom are quite different and the atom with the higher negativity (non-metal) may pull the bonding electron from the other (metal).
Ionic = 1.7 - 4.0
Define an ionic bond:
A force of attraction that holds ions together and the non-metal steals the EP
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
- High melting point
- Solid at room temperature
- Conduct electricity in solution
Define a covalent bond:
A force of attraction that holds non-metals together and shares EP
What are the properties of molecular compounds?
- Solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature
- Does not conduct electricity in solution
- Does not form ions in a solution
What are the 5 main points of stereochemistry?
- Electron repel from each other
- LP + LP > LP + BP > BP + BP
What are the shapes of molecules?
- AX2 = Linear
- AX3 = Trigonal Planar
- AX4 = Tetrahedral
- AX3E = Trigonal Pyramidal
- AX2E or AXE2 = Bent
Define intermolecular bonds:
The forces of attraction found between particles
What are the 3 types of intermolecular bond?
- LDF (weakest)
- D+D (in all polar molecules)
- HB (strongest and FONz)
What are the 3 main points of KMT?
- Particles are in constant random motion
- These particles collide
- The faster they move the more energy they have
What are the physical properties of gases?
- Highly compressible
- Expand as temperature is increased
- Low resistance to flow
- Low density
- Mix evenly and completely
What is an ideal gas?
- Obeys all gas laws perfectly
- No forces act on particles
- Does not condense into liquid
What is a solution?
A homogeneous mixture made of at least 1 solute and solvent
What are endothermic and exothermic reactions
Endothermic = require energy
Exothermic = releases energy
What are electrolytes?
Substances that conduct electricity in solution
Define:
- Solution
- Solvent
- Solute
- Homogeneous Mixture
- Heterogeneous Mixture
- Aqueous Solution
- Homogeneous mixture composed of at least 1 solvent/solute
- Medium where the solvent is dissolved
- Substance dissolved in solvent ]
- A mixture where composition is uniform throughout
- A mixture with a non-uniform composition
- A solution where the solvent is water
