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CHEM/PHYS Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Electrophiles are also Lewis (acids/bases)

A

Lewis Acids

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2
Q

Substitution and elimination reactions favor the formation of..

A

a weak base, that is low energy and stable alone

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3
Q

Common good leaving groups

A

Water, esters, halides

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4
Q

How can a poor leaving group be turned into a good leaving group

A

Poor leaving groups are typically strong bases, adding a strong acid can make it a better leaving group

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5
Q

Nucleophiles are also Lewis (acids/bases)

A

Lewis Bases

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6
Q

Anions tend to be (nucleophiles/electrophiles)

A

Nucleophiles due to there ability to donate electrons

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7
Q

Cations tend to be (nucleophiles/electrophiles)

A

Electrophiles due to their ability to accept electrons

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8
Q

Bronsted-Lowery Acids are characterized by

A

Ability to donate protons

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9
Q

Bronsted-Lowery Bases are characterized by

A

Ability to accept protons

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10
Q

How are Ka values associated with acid strength

A

The larger the Ka the stronger the acid

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11
Q

pKa and Ka relationship

A

pKa and Ka are inversely related. As Ka goes up, pKa goes down

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12
Q

How is stability related to acid strength?

A

The more stable the conjugate base, the more acidic it is.

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13
Q

Polar protic solvents nucleophilicity

A

Increases down the periodic table, F<Cl<Br<I

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14
Q

Polar aprotic solvents nucleophilicity

A

Increases up the periodic table I<Br<Cl<F

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15
Q

When Primary alcohols and aldehydes are oxidized with STRONG oxidizing agents they become…

A

Carboxylic acids

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16
Q

Secondary alcohols that are oxidized will become…

A

Ketones

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17
Q

Common weak oxidizing agents

A

PCC

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18
Q

Aldehydes that are reduced will become…

A

Primary alcohols

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19
Q

Ketones that are reduced will become…

A

Secondary alcohols

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20
Q

Esters and carboxylic acids reduced with a strong reducing agent will become…

A

Primary alcohol and one other product

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21
Q

Common weak reducing agent

A

NaBh4

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22
Q

Common strong reducing agent

A

LiAlH4

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23
Q

Alcohols can become… to be better leaving groups

Study These Flashcards
A

Mesylates or tosylates

24
Q

Tollens’ reagent is typically used for

Study These Flashcards
A

Oxidation of sugars

25
Ksp is equal to
concentration of products
26
Keq equals
Concentration of products/concentration of reactants
27
DeltaG equals
DeltaH-TDeltaS
28
Delta G and Keq relationship
They have an inverse relationship
29
Power equation
P=work/time
30
Electric power equation
P=IV
31
Phase change equation
Q=mL
32
Specific heat capacity equation
Q=mcDeltaT
33
Buoyant force equation
Fb=pgv
34
Northern blot analyzes
RNA
35
Southern Blot analyzes
DNA
36
Western Blot analyzes
Protein
37
What can cause a right shift on an oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
Increased pCO2, Acid, 2,3-DPG, Exercise, Temp
38
Kw can be found with what equation
Kw=Ka x Kb
39
Index of refraction formula
n=c/v
40
The focal length of a spherical mirror can be found with what equation
F=1/2r
41
Real images are always
Inverted and in diverging systems
42
Virtual images are always
Upright and in converging systems
43
OH groups on IR spec show up as
broad peak at 3500-3100
44
NH groups show up on IR spec as
Multiple sharp peaks at 3500-3100
45
C=O groups on IR spec show up as
Single sharp peak at 1750-1700
46
Aromatic hydrogens on NMR spec are usually in what region
6-10ppm region
47
Aldehyde hydrogens are usually on NMR spec in what region
9-10ppm region
48
COOH hydrogen are usually on NMR spec in what region
10-12ppm region
49
Nonpolar/ Hydrophobic amino acids
Glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline (GLACIERS in ALASKA VALIANTLY LOCATE ISOLATED PROWLERS)
50
Aromatic amino acids
Phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan (the aroma of Fine PINE and Yellow TIMBER are Worth the TRYP)
51
Alcohol containing amino acids
serine and threonine (Alcohol is a SERIOUS THREAT)
52
Basic amino acids
Histidine, Lysine, Arginine (Basically, HIS LOST Kid ALWAYS Returned)
53
Sulfur containing amino acids
Methionine and cysteine (METHODICALLY CHECK the path for Sulfur)
54
Acidic Amino acids
Aspartic acid and glutamic acid (As Peter digested the glue, his stomach became acidic)
55
Amide amino acids
Asparagine and glutamine (Amid his neatly stacked asparagus is a glutinous quail)
56
Resistance equation
R=pL/A

MCAT (11 decks)

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