CHEM/PHYS

Question 1

if the rx is not decomposing what does that mean

Answer 1

no spont

Question 2

formula for spontantoue

Answer 2

g = h - ts

Question 3

negative enthalpy change represents an

Answer 3

exothermic change

Question 4

what are not included in the eq constant

Answer 4

pure solid and pure liq

Question 5

oxidation of H is ___ when combined with a NON METAL

Answer 5

+1

Question 6

1 MOLE OF ANY GAS AT STP is how many liters

Answer 6

22.4

Question 7

why would researchers make sure the cuvettes are identical in terms of optical properties

Answer 7

to enable comparison of absorption spectra, not because of cuvette differences –> want to attribute the differences to glucose differences (what we want to measure)

Question 8

nm to m

Answer 8

multiply by 10^-9

Question 9

explain how to find concentration with absorbance and dilution ratio

Answer 9

see table, for patter and see how much inc, and estimate of what concentration would be THEN mutliply that by dilution ratio – so 1/30 them multiply by 30

Question 10

______is used to predict values bw known data points while ________ is used to predict values outside range of data

Answer 10

interpolation, and extrapolation ex. if it says to estinamte a concentration that is outside the range but we can use the KNOWN data points to estimate - inter

Question 11

if the concentration is too high in the range what can we do

Answer 11

dilute the sample with another solvent - absorbance will fall,

Question 12

distillatio is used to sepate by

Answer 12

bp - used for less than 25 degrees apart,

Question 13

expalin simple distillation

Answer 13

Simple = below 150 degrees and if the substances you’re trying to distill are at least 25 degrees or greater apart in terms of boiling point

Question 14

oxidation of 1 alcohol

Answer 14

aldehyde

Question 15

oxidation of aldehyde to

Answer 15

carboxy acid - add carboxy group and remove carbonyl group bc of free hydrogen

Question 16

oxidation of secondary oh to

Answer 16

ketone

Question 17

what alcohol is diffucult to oxidize

Answer 17

tert, because it involves C-C breaking, resistant to ox, no H, but other carbon atoms (C-H are more readily)

Question 18

E AND Z labelling is when your looking at

Answer 18

double bond - Z on same side of DOUBLE BOND

Question 19

when finding the magnitude of the vectors what fomula

Answer 19

you can do A+B and A-B for range ex. if A =8 and B=5, then from 3-13, 3 units when anitparallel of 180 degress and 13 units when parallel and 0 deg

Question 20

with nearsight is says that it helped to flattening of the cornea - whats the effect, why

Answer 20

by flattening we are elongating and inc the radius of curvature, so the imag focuses on the retina instead of front of retina (mypoia),i

Question 21

if they are removing orneal matter and flattening of the cornea what happen to thickness of the corea at the ape

Answer 21

decreased bc laser removes layers of tissue

Question 22

formula with electric field magnitude with V and m

Answer 22

V/m

Question 23

if we are given duration its known as _____ and formula for f

Answer 23

period so f=1/T

Question 24

continous laser radiation, provide

Answer 24

continous radiation - absorb more radiation on the contrary pulsed laser would do the opposite

Question 25

index of refraton is an ____ property of tissue material

Answer 25

intrinsic, does not change, just like density of cornea,

Question 26

NH3 is polar or non

Answer 26

POLAR - bc of EN differences + structure

Question 27

these forces are the weakest and exist in all real molecules

Answer 27

L.D

Question 28

in graph it shows that compound 1 alone does not induce apop but when combines with comp 2 it does a great inc in apop so what resuls be

Answer 28

comp 1 selectively sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapeutic action by comp 2

Question 29

is a compound is the sensitizing agent then it shoule be administerd

Answer 29

first, so it can get exposed to the first compound first and - so first sensitzation then chemotherapeutic agent

Question 30

carbonyl group has a ____ bond and how many sigma and pi

Answer 30

double, one sig and one pi

Question 31

phases of diagram

Answer 31

solid top left, then gas bottom, then liquid middle ish

Question 32

what is supercritical fluid

Answer 32

any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist - bw liq and gas

Question 33

triple ppint is

Answer 33

emperature and pressure combination that allows for all three phases of a substance to occur simultaneously.

Question 34

which transition produces a photon with the longest wavelength

Answer 34

one with the shortest energy, short frequency, one with shortest line

Question 35

this group has a c=o and NH2 carbonyl and NH2

Answer 35

amide

Question 36

this group has no double bonds but with Nh2 or R3N - three group attach to N

Answer 36

amine

Question 37

This group has structure of R2C=NR

Answer 37

IMINE

Question 38

this group has structure of R-O-(C=O)-NR2R3

Answer 38

carbamate

Question 39

these are example of reducing agents involed in nuclephilic addition with al/ketones that reduce the oxygen in C=O to OH

Answer 39

LiAl4 and NaBh4 - only al/ketone not esters

Question 40

structure of lactone

Answer 40

Lactones are cyclic esters of organic acids. It is a condensation product of an alcohol group and a carboxylic acid --> c=o and o next to the same c=o carbon

Question 41

is something is positvely charges it can get

Answer 41

deportonante for ex, Na2CO3 will deportaonate a pos charges N (amine)

Question 42

once something gets deprotanated it will have _____ and will act as a ____ now

Answer 42

lone pair nucleophile

Question 43

these inhibitors bind to site other than active site, and the binding can occur during any stage of substrate binding

Answer 43

mixed

Question 44

____ this mechanism is characterized by the change of the enzyme into an intermediate form when the first substrate to prodyct rx happens aka double displacement

Answer 44

ping pong

Question 45

this mechanism is when one substrate has to first bind to enzyme followed by other substrate

Answer 45

ordered

Question 46

this mechansism is when substrates and products are bound and then released in no preferred order

Answer 46

random

Question 47

in ping pong these complexes cannot occur

Answer 47

ternary complex -- ternary complex is enzyme + ATP + other substrate! A non-ternary complex would be one in which the enzyme does not require ATP to bind as well, such as many of the isomerases etc.

Question 48

covalent interaction are usuallt

Answer 48

irreversible so tis would not apply to RT

Question 49

this a.a can form covalent bonds

Answer 49

cysteine

Question 50

how to get low absorbance with beer law

Answer 50

low molar absorptivity, path length is small, and concentration should be low - formula is A=ebc - b length

Question 51

nuceliphile wants to attack a

Answer 51

pos charges - so not oxygen but P

Question 52

what allows small insects to walk on the free surface of water

Answer 52

surface tension

Question 53

if a thin thread is placed bs screen and bright source of light, pattern of parallel dark and bright fringes appear - what explaination

Answer 53

diffraction - small slit

Question 54

this is when light ray changes its direction in a new medium with diff properties depending on incident angle and changes in speed

Answer 54

refraction

Question 55

____ this is when elctric field of light is confined to a single plane along dir of propagation

Answer 55

linear polarization

Question 56

when ecltric field of th elight consist of 2 linear components that are perpendicular to each other, equal amplitude with phase difference on pi/2 - rotates in circle

Answer 56

circular polarizatio

Question 57

this is when light bounces back at the interface bw optical media with diff indices of refraction - no change in optical media when light passes by the thread

Answer 57

relfection

Question 58

which fomr is more stable keto or enol

Answer 58

keto is stabe, keto -enol tautomerism is when chem equilibrium betwen keto/al and an enol (alcohol), keto is predom and can be seen with pKa values whihc is greater than physiological p

Question 59

divalent ions are ones that

Answer 59

have +2 charge

Question 60

1 C is equal to

Answer 60

A x s

Question 61

to find force with mass and velocity, and time

Answer 61

first to acc, then do F=am

Question 62

free electrons arrange themselves on the

Answer 62

surface of the conductor

Question 63

which would explain that electric field inside each of the conductors that forms the capacitor in the defibrillator is zero

Answer 63

free elctrons in conductor arrange themselves on the surface so that the elctric field they produce inside the conductor exactly cancels any external electric field

Question 64

what happens one first for AP

Answer 64

volatage gated na channels open at axon hillock

Question 65

only time when g is non spont is when

Answer 65

h is positive, and s is negative at all temp