Chem/Phys Flashcards
(33 cards)
In both galvanic and electrolytic cells, Cations migrate to _____
Cathode
Positive vs Negative Cell Voltage (Provide equation for support)
Negative Cell Voltage is not spontaneous, Positive Cell Voltage is spontaneous. ΔGo = −nFEocell = −RTlnKeq
The more negative Metal ion + e- => Metal (s) the better…
The better reducing agent it is. This is because the reverse reaction is spontaneous, the reverse reaction requires metal to lose electrons, go through oxidation, this means it is acting as a reducing agent.
The more positive Eo (Volts) of: Metal ion + e- => Metal (s) the better…
The better oxidizing agent it is. This is because the reaction is spontaneous, forcing the metal to gain electrons, be reduced, this means it is acting as an oxidizing agent.
2Al + 3Cu2+ -> 2Al3+ + 3Cu
Al+3 + 3e- -> Al -1.67V
Cu2+ + 2e- -> Cu 0.34V
What is ΔGo?
Al ⇒ Al3+ + 3e-+ 1.67V
Cu+2 + 2e- -> Cu 0.34V
ΔGo = −nFEocell Eo=2.01V n=2e x3=6e transferred F= 96,500 (100,000) ΔGo = -(6)(2)(100,000)= -1,200,000
In both galvanic and electrolytic cells, Anions migrate to _____
Anode
In both galvanic and electrolytic cells, electrons flow from ______ to ______
Electrons flow from Anode to Cathode
Amide
Nitrogen is attached to a CARBONYL carbon
Amine
Not bound to a carbonyl carbon. Can be boun to 2 hydrogen and a carbon, 2 carbons and a hydrogen, or 3 carbons.
Work done by a gas
Work done by a gas relies on a change in volume of the vessel it is held in. Without a change in volume, no work is done by the gases with changes in pressure.
Pressure=?
Pressure=Force/Area
Density of Water
Density of Water is 1000 kg/m3
Broad peak at 3300 cm-1
Broad peak at 3300 cm-1 is characteristic of
O-H group
Sharp peak at 1700cm-1
Sharp peak at 1700 cm-1 is characteristic of a
carbonyl group
NMR 10-12ppm
NMR 10-12ppm is characterisic of a Carboxylic acid proton
NMR around 10ppm
NMR around 10ppm is characteristic of an Aldehyde proton
NMR around 7ppm
NMR around 7ppm is characteristic of
Ph-H
Ph-OH
and Amide groups
Nucleoside vs Nucleotide
NucleoTides conTain a phosphate group along with ribose sugar and base.
Nucleosides are only the ribose sugar and base.
Electronegativity vs Electron Affinity
Summary:
- Electronegativity is a numerical value associated with an atoms ability to form a covalent bond
- Electron affinity is the amount of energy that is released when an electron attaches to the atom
- Electron affinity is a fixed and measurable value
- Electronegativity cannot be measured and needs to be computed from other atomic properties by a few differing equations depending on which scientist you adhere to
- Electronegativity values vary with different chemical environments
- Electron Affinity is a value associated with individual atoms while Electron Negativity is the derived value of a molecule
Alpha Decay
During Alpha decay, alpha particles (He Nuclei, 2 protons and 2 neutrons) are emmited by a heavy atom nuclei
Alpha absorption
He nuclei are absorbed by the target atoms
Gamma Absorption
Absorption of gamma rays consists of the process in which high energy photons also called gamma ray photons are absorbed.
Beta Decay
Is the dacay of a beta particle (and electron or positron) is emmited from a heavy atom. Can lead to the addition or subtraction of a single protons. Changes atom identity.
Vibrating String Fixed at both ends
f=v/2L
