Chem Quiz 9/6

Question 1

what were cathode Ray Tubes used for?

Answer 1

Studying electrical discharge

Question 2

How did cathode ray tubes work?

Answer 2

Applying a voltage across the electrodes, and evacuating air. Caused a spark which became a continuous beam

Question 3

How did cathode ray tubes lead to the discovery of the electron?

Answer 3

Attraction/repulsion to magnetic fields

Question 4

Who discovered the electron?

Answer 4

JJ Thomson

Question 5

What did JJ Thomson’s experiment do?

Answer 5

Measure the force necessary to deflect the rays from the cathode stream

Question 6

What did JJ Thomson’s results say the amount of deflection was dependent on?

Answer 6

Charge and mass of the particles

Question 7

Who measured the charge of an electron? When?

Answer 7

Robert Millikan, 1909

Question 8

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 8

-1.60 x 10 ^-19

Question 9

What is the mass of an electron?

Answer 9

9.10 x 10^-28 g

Question 10

What was the early (1900s) model for atoms? Who created it, and what did it look like?

Answer 10

Plum pudding model, JJ thomson. Positive sphere of matter, electrons interspersed through it.

Question 11

Who discovered the three types of radiation? What were they, and what were their charges

Answer 11

Ernest Rutherford- alpha (+), beta (-), gamma (unaffected by electric field)

Question 12

What was Rutherford’s gold foil experiment? What did this prove?

Answer 12

Shooting alpha particles at gold foil and watching scatter (proved plum pudding model incorrect)

Question 13

What was Rutherford’s model of the atom?

Answer 13

Small, dense nucleus with electrons outside. Atom is mostly empty space.

Question 14

What were the 3 parts of Rutherford’s nuclear theory?

Answer 14

1. Most of the atom’s mass and all of its positive charge were held in the nucleus
2. Most of the atom’s volume is outside the nucleus, an empty space where there are just electrons
3. The atom is completely neutral- #protons=#electrons

Question 15

What is a neutron’s mass? Who discovered it?

Answer 15

1 amu, Sir James Chadwick

Question 16

How are elements ordered on the periodic table?

Answer 16

Atomic #- number of protons

Question 17

What is it called when a proton gains/loses an electron?

Answer 17

ion

Question 18

What is it called when a proton gains an electron?

Answer 18

Anion

Question 19

What is it called when a proton loses an electron?

Answer 19

Cation

Question 20

What is different in isotopes?

Answer 20

Number of neutrons

Question 21

Who discovered isotopes?

Answer 21

Frederick Soddy

Question 22

How are isotopes identified?

Answer 22

Mass #s

Question 23

How do you represent isotopes in writing?

Answer 23

Mass #
Chemical symbol
Atomic #

                 OR Chemical symbol/name- Mass #

Question 24

How do you calculate average atomic mass?

Answer 24

(Fraction of isotope) x (Mass of isotope) Repeat for all isotopes

Question 25

How are masses of atoms sorted to determine isotopes?

Answer 25

Mass spectometry- separates atoms by isotopes

Question 26

Who is credited with creating the periodic table? What did they have in common?

Answer 26

Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer Both agreed elements should be arranged in order of increasing atomic weight

Question 27

Who created the concept of atomic numbers? When?

Answer 27

Henrey Moseley, 2 years after Rutherford's atomic model

Question 28

What did Henry Moseley discover about each element?

Answer 28

Has a unique frequency

Question 29

How did Henry Moseley arrange the elements?

Answer 29

Increasing atomic number,

Question 30

Which elements are main group elements?

Answer 30

Groups 1-2A and 3A-8A (Any group with an A)

Question 31

Which elements are transition elements?

Answer 31

Groups 3B- 2B (Any in low block, including bottom elements, which are inner transition elements)

Question 32

Are transition or main group elements predictable based on their position?

Answer 32

Main group

Question 33

Are metal oxides ionic or molecular?

Answer 33

Ionic

Question 34

Are metal oxides ionic or molecular?

Answer 34

Molecular

Question 35

Are most metal oxides acidic or basic?

Answer 35

Basic

Question 36

Are most nonmetal oxides acidic or basic?

Answer 36

Acidic

Question 37

Do metals tend to form anions or cations in aqueous solutions?

Answer 37

cations

Question 38

Do nonmetals tend to form anions or cations in aqueous solutions?

Answer 38

anions or oxyanions

Question 39

What is an oxyanion?

Answer 39

An anion that has at least one oxygen atom chemically bonded to a different element, eg sulfate/carbonate ions

Question 40

What are some characteristics of metalloids?

Answer 40

Semi-conductors (Temperature dependent conductivity), often used in computers,

Question 41

What are some metalloids?

Answer 41

Boron, silicon, arsenic, germanium, antimony, tellurium, astatine

Question 42

What group are the alkali metals?

Answer 42

Group I (minus hydrogen)

Question 43

What group are the alkaline earth metals?

Answer 43

Group 2

Question 44

What groups are the transition metals?

Answer 44

Groups 3-12

Question 45

What period are lathanoids?

Question 46

What period is the actinide series?

Question 47

What are the properties of alkali metals?

Answer 47

Soft, metallic solids. Only found in compounds in nature, not elemental sources. Low density, VERY reactive with water

Question 48

What are the properties of Alkaline earth metals?

Answer 48

Harder than alkali metals, more dense, higher melting points, less reactive with water

Question 49

What group are halogens?

Answer 49

7A, plus hydrogen

Question 50

What elements are hydrogens?

Answer 50

FOHN

Question 51

What group are the noble gases?

Answer 51

8A

Question 52

What traits do noble gases have?

Answer 52

Nonmetals, inert, monatomic (Radon typically ignored bc radioactive)

Question 53

What does isoelectronic mean?

Answer 53

2 different atoms with the same # of electrons

Question 54

What are atoms hoping to achieve with their electrons?

Answer 54

Stability (Be inert, like noble gases)

Question 55

Do metals gain or lose electrons to become more stable?

Answer 55

Lose (form cations)

Question 56

Do nonmetals gain or lose electrons to become more stable?

Answer 56

Gain (form anions)

Question 57

How do you measure the distance of a wavelength?

Answer 57

Peak to peak or trough to trough

Question 58

What is the amplitude of a wave?

Answer 58

Its height

Question 59

What determines the color of a wavelength?

Answer 59

Its frequency

Question 60

What determines the brightness of a wavelength?

Answer 60

Its amplitude

Question 61

What is white light?

Answer 61

All colors of light mixed together

Question 62

What is color? How do we see it?

Answer 62

Where all wavelengths of light aren't absorbed. It's reflected

Question 63

What is the frequency of a wave?

Answer 63

The amount of waves in a distance per unit of time

Question 64

How are frequencies measured?

Answer 64

Hertz

Question 65

Are frequency and wavelength proportional?

Answer 65

Yes, inversely

Question 66

What do waves of energy depend on?

Answer 66

Amplitude and frequency

Question 67

How fast do electromagnetic waves move?

Answer 67

Light speed- 3 x 10^8 m/s

Question 68

Constructive interference

Answer 68

Similar waves combine to create a larger one

Question 69

Destructive interference

Answer 69

Differing waves combine to cancel each other out

Question 70

Wave diffraction

Answer 70

When waves travel through an opening in a barrier, they form bends around it. | ) | ) | If there are 2, the waves interact changing their intensity (constructive and destructive)

Question 71

Wavelengths, from shortest to longest

Answer 71

gamma, x rays, uv rays, visible light, infrared, microwaves, radiowaves GXUVIMR

Question 72

Radio waves

Answer 72

Audio signals, cell phone frequencoes, wi fi, mris

Question 73

Microwaves

Answer 73

Heat food by interacting with water

Question 74

Infrared

Answer 74

Heating from light fixture of electric stovetop, night vision goggles

Question 75

Visible light

Answer 75

ROYGBIV

Question 76

UV

Answer 76

Sunlight, tanning beds, UV lamps

Question 77

X rays

Answer 77

Medical imaging

Question 78

Gamma rays

Answer 78

Used for cancer treatment