Chem Test Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is an atom
Made of subatomic particles
What are the relative charges and sizes of the subatomic particles
neutron = 1 amu
proton = 1836/1837 amu
electron = 1/1837 amu
What is a molecule
Made of 2 or more atoms
ex. o2
What is a compound
made of 2 or more elements
ex. h2o
How to find number of protons
Same as atomic number
How to find number of electrons
Same as atomic number, if it is an ion change based on charge
How to find number of neutrons
Atomic mass - atomic number
Ionic bonds
Transfer of e-
Covalent bond
Sharing of e-
What is the law of conservation of mass
Matter is neither created nor destroyed, just rearranged in chemical reactions
4 characteristics of acids
Sour taste, burns to touch, contains H, conducts electricity
4 characteristics of bases
Bitter taste, slippery to touch, contains OH, does not conduct
What do metal oxides and water form
Form a base
What do non-metal oxides and water form
Form an acid (combine everything to make the formula)
What do acids and metals form
H2 (hydrogen gas) + ….
What do acids and carbonates form
h2o, co2, …..
Chemical reactions
Single replacement, double replacement, neutralization, combustion, systhesis, decomposition
Naming acids
-ide = hydro + root + ic
-ate = root + ic
-ite = root + ous
Organic and inorganic compounds
Organic: anything that has carbon
exceptions:
1. carbon oxides (co2, etc)
2. pure carbon (diamonds, graphite)
3. carbonates (co3, rocks)
4. carbides (ionic compounds that end with carbon, ex aluminum carbide)
Organics
Compounds that contain carbon and usually hydrogen
alcohol = c,h,o (oh - hydroxyl group)
hydrocarbons = h + c ONLY
Hydrocarbons
Me eat peanut butter
methane - ch4
ethane - c2h6
propane - c3h8
butane - c4h10
after 4 carbons use covalent prefixes
penta, hexa, etc.
Alcohols
Have oh
names end with -ol
methanol - ch3oh
ethanol - ch3ch2oh
propanol - ch3(ch2)2oh
formula named as the structure is drawn
