CHEM Vocab EXAM 1

Question 1

A ___ is made up of only one component, and its composition does not vary.

Answer 1

pure substance

Question 2

A ____ is a substance composed of two or more components in proportions that can vary from one sample to another.

Answer 2

mixture

Question 3

___ can not be chemically broken down or decomposed into simpler substances.

Answer 3

Elements

Question 4

___ are composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed definite ratio.

Answer 4

Compounds

Question 5

Basic submicroscopic particles that constitute the fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter.

Answer 5

Atoms

Question 6

Substances formed when two or more atoms come together (bond) in specific geometric arrangements.

Answer 6

Molecules

Question 7

Two or more metals in a homogenous mix.

Answer 7

Alloy

Question 8

A set of tested hypotheses forms the basis for a ___ , but it is testable, fallible, subject to
modification after more observation.

Answer 8

theory

Question 9

A possible explanation for an observation.

Answer 9

hypothesis

Question 10

Summarizes what happens.

Answer 10

Law

Question 11

___ are brief summaries of experimental data.

Answer 11

Laws

Question 12

“Matter is neither created nor destroyed” is the definition of which law?

Answer 12

Law of conservation of mass

Question 13

“A given compound always contains exactly the same proportions of elements by mass” is which law?

Answer 13

Law of definite proportions

Question 14

When two elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with 1 gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers. What law is this?

Answer 14

Law of multiple proportions

Question 15

Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are called what?

Answer 15

Isotopes

Question 16

The # of protons + # of neutrons in the nucleus of that particular isotope is called what?

Answer 16

mass number (A)

Question 17

The # of protons in an atom is called it’s what?

Answer 17

atomic number

Question 18

a positively charged ion

Answer 18

cation

Question 19

a negatively charged ion

Answer 19

anion

Question 20

What forms when a neutral atom loses electrons?

Answer 20

cation

Question 21

What forms when a neutral atom gains electrons?

Answer 21

anion

Question 22

Quantities used to specify measurements.

Answer 22

units

Question 23

What is the SI base unit for measuring temperature?

Answer 23

Kelvin (K)

Question 24

What is the SI base unit for measuring amount of substance?

Answer 24

Mole (mol)

Question 25

What is the SI base unit for measuring length?

Answer 25

meter (m)

Question 26

What is the SI base unit for measuring mass?

Answer 26

Kilograms (kg)

Question 27

What is the SI base unit for measuring time?

Answer 27

seconds (sec)

Question 28

The capacity to do work is called what?

Answer 28

energy

Question 29

___ is defined as the action of a force through a distance.

Answer 29

Work

Question 30

The energy associated with the motion of an object is called what?

Answer 30

Kinetic energy

Question 31

The energy associated with the position or composition of an object.

Answer 31

potential energy

Question 32

Energy associated with the temperature of an object.

Answer 32

Thermal energy

Question 33

The SI unit for energy is what?

Answer 33

The Joule (J)

Question 34

The English unit for energy is what?

Answer 34

The calorie (cal)

Question 35

What kind of process has energy flowing into a system and absorbing energy from the surroundings?

Answer 35

Endothermic

Question 36

What kind of process has energy flowing out of a system and releases energy to the surroundings?

Answer 36

Exothermic

Question 37

Part of the universe on which we wish to focus attention is called what?

Answer 37

A system

Question 38

Everything else in the universe besides the system is called what?

Answer 38

The surroundings

Question 39

An atom or molecule with a net charge caused by the loss of gain of electrons is called what?

Answer 39

Ion

Question 40

A kind of property that is independent of the amount of the substance.

Answer 40

intensive

Question 41

A kind of property that depends on the amount of the substance.

Answer 41

extensive

Question 42

What kind of potential energy arises mostly from electrostatic forces between protons and electrons?

Answer 42

chemical potential energy