chem112chapter1

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

three states of matter

Answer 2

solid, liquid, gas

Question 3

pure substance

Answer 3

matter that has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample.

Question 4

elements

Answer 4

substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances; made of one kind of atom

Question 5

compound

Answer 5

a substance which can be decomposed to simpler substances because it is made up of more than one element/atom

Question 6

how many named elements

Answer 6

118

Question 7

how many elements make up the earth’s crust

Answer 7

5

Question 8

how many elements make up 90 percent of the human body by mass?

Answer 8

3

Question 9

atom

Answer 9

building blocks of matter

Question 10

the Law of Constant Composition

Answer 10

each compound have the same number of atoms of each element in every sample

Question 11

mixtures

Answer 11

mixtures of different substances exhibit the properties that make them; each substance still has its chemical identity

Question 12

heterogeneous

Answer 12

mixtures vary in composition throughout a sample

Question 13

homogeneous

Answer 13

mixtures have the same composition throughout the solution

Question 14

solution

Answer 14

a homogeneous mixture

Question 15

energy

Answer 15

that capacity to do work or transfer heat

Question 16

work

Answer 16

the energy transferred when a force exerted on an object causes a displacement of that object

Question 17

heat

Answer 17

energy used to cause the temperature of an object to increase

Question 18

force

Answer 18

any push or pull on an object

Question 19

property

Answer 19

any characteristic that allows us to distinguish one type of matter from another

Question 20

molecule

Answer 20

atoms joined together in specific shapes

Question 21

physical properties

Answer 21

can be observed without changing the identity and composition of a substance

Question 22

chemical properties

Answer 22

the way a substance may change, react, to form other substances

Question 23

intensive properties

Answer 23

properties that do no depend on the amount of a sample being examined/used to identify substances

Question 24

extensive properties

Answer 24

depend on the amount of a sample, such as mass and volume

Question 25

physical changes

Answer 25

changes in matter that do not change the composition of a substance

Question 26

Chemical changes

Answer 26

result in new substances

Question 27

Converting between the three states of matter is a

Answer 27

physical change

Question 28

in filtration

Answer 28

solid substances are separated from liquids and solutions.

Question 29

in distillation

Answer 29

differences in the boiling points of substances to separate a homogeneous mixture into its component

Question 30

in chromatography

Answer 30

substances are separated on the basis of differences in the ability of substances to adhere to the solid surface, in this case, dyes to paper

Question 31

kinetic energy

Answer 31

it is the energy of motion; its magnitude depends on the object’s mass and its velocity

Question 32

potential energy

Answer 32

of an object depends on its relative position compared to other objects

Question 33

What does quantitative mean?

Answer 33

means a measurement has a numerical value

Question 34

length

Answer 34

a measure of distance

Question 34

mass

Answer 34

a measure of the amount of material in an object

Question 35

volume

Answer 35

a derived unit from length (m × m × m = m3)

Question 36

temperature

Answer 36

considered the “hotness and coldness” of an object that determines the direction of heat flow

Question 37

density

Answer 37

has units that are derived from the units for mass and volume g/mL

Question 38

exact numbers

Answer 38

are counted or given by definition

Question 39

inexact (or measured) numbers

Answer 39

depend on how they were determined

Question 40

precision

Answer 40

a measure of how closely individual measurements agree with one another

Question 41

accuracy

Answer 41

a measure of how closely individual measurements agree with one another