Chem2

Question 1

4 major components of dry air

Answer 1

nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide

Question 2

nitrogen fixation done by

Answer 2

lightning. N2+O2–>2NO. then reacts further with oxygen and water to form nitrous and nitric acids

Question 3

thermosphere

Answer 3

ionosphere. warms with altiutude because of ions from sun. auroras

Question 4

warming in stratosphere

Answer 4

uv radiation from sun triggers exothermic reactions. more UV is closer to sun so increaseds with altitude.

Question 5

low pressure at?

Answer 5

high altitudes

Question 6

how do barometers work

Answer 6

mercury pumped easier at high pressure. cant pump in alps (galileo and torricelli)

Question 7

Why does the egg go into the bottle?

Answer 7

Pressure outside was greater than pressure inside. outside greater due to production of more gas

Question 8

thermosphere charged particles

Answer 8

e+O

p+N2 charges those and gives off light as they go back to regular forms (down in energy level).

Question 9

space shuttle glow

Answer 9

O+NO—> NO2* excited, goes back to regular form, gives off orange tail

Question 10

chapman cycle

Answer 10

creation and destruction of ozone. no net change in concentration
O2+UV-->2O
O2+O-->O3
O3+UV---> O2+O
O3+O-->2O2

Question 11

ozone thickness

Answer 11

only 3mm thick. stretches about 30 miles though.starts at 20-30km. not pure ozone. Just in a high concentration

Question 12

UV A

Answer 12

lest energy, longest wavelength, least damaging, greatest amount reaching earth

Question 13

UV B

Answer 13

more damaging, most absorbed by ozone in atmosphere. 200-300nm. 97-99 blocked%

Question 14

UV C

Answer 14

most energy, shortest wavelength, most damaging. totally absorbed by oxygen/ozone. No makes it to the service

Question 15

UV radiation biological effect

Answer 15

damages DNA. UVB. increase in melanoma.

Question 16

variations in ozone levels

Answer 16

vary every 12 years due to solar intensity/sunspot activity, seasonal variation, 10% decrease over past 3 decades

Question 17

ozone depletion where?

Answer 17

Antarctica

Question 18

what can destroy the ozone

Answer 18

additional trace gases

Question 19

natural trace gases

Answer 19

hydroxyl radicals. unsatble and reactive with an unpaired electron. destorys in upper stratosphere. nitric oxide (NO) from lightning

Question 20

anthropogenic (man-made) trace gases

Answer 20

from combustion- NO, jet engines. Chlorine radical from CFCS

Question 21

CFCS

Answer 21

chlorofluorocarbons. refrigerants replacing ammonia and sulfur dioxide (corrosive and toxic)

Question 22

CFC properties

Answer 22

nontoxic, nonflammable and unreactive in the troposphere (long half life). reactive in stratosphere.

Question 23

Cl radical

Answer 23

catalyst, consumed and regernated as it destroys ozone. becomes clo (measure concentration of this and 03 over ozone)