chem_flashcards
(33 cards)
What is the structure of the periodic table based on?
Electron configuration of atoms.
What do similarities in periods and groups of the periodic table reflect?
Observable properties including chemical behaviour and reactivity.
How are elements divided in the periodic table?
Into metals and non-metals.
What are the main features of groups 1, 2, 17, and 18?
They include common ionic charges and similar chemical properties.
What are the reactivity trends in periods 2 and 3 and groups I, II, and VII?
They show qualitative changes in reactivity.
What property of atoms explains their ability to form chemical bonds?
Electron configurations.
What explains the physical properties of substances?
The type of bonding within substances.
What are the three main types of bonding?
Metallic, ionic, and covalent.
What causes chemical bonds?
Electrostatic attractions from sharing or transfer of electrons.
What is valency?
A measure of the number of bonds an atom can form.
What are ions?
Atoms or groups of atoms with an electric charge due to imbalance of electrons and protons.
How are ionic compounds represented?
By formulae that include constituent atoms and the ion’s charge.
What properties of ionic compounds are explained by lattice structure?
High melting point, brittleness, and electrical conductivity.
What explains properties of metals like malleability and conductivity?
Metallic bonding with delocalised electrons.
How are covalent substances modelled?
As molecules or covalent networks with shared electrons.
What are intermolecular vs intramolecular forces?
Weak forces between molecules vs strong forces within molecules.
What is an example of a highly polar covalent molecule?
Water.
What effects do polar molecules like water have on properties?
Increased melting and boiling points.
How are covalent molecular compounds named?
Based on formulae using IUPAC rules.
What are some allotropes of carbon?
Graphite, diamond, and fullerenes.
How can the type of structure in a compound be predicted?
By investigating its physical properties.
What techniques identify specific ions in solution?
Flame tests or chemical reactions.
What table is used to predict products of precipitation reactions?
Solubility table.
How are H2, O2, and CO2 identified?
Using simple gas tests.
